Uptake of D-[14C]glucose and D-[14C]xylose by Spirochaeta aurantia was demonstrated to be osmotic shock sensitive and to require a high-energy phosphorylated compound rather than a proton motive force. These features are similar to those of binding protein-mediated transport systems in other gram-negative bacteria.

Hypoglycemia, a complication of insulin or sulfonylurea therapy in diabetic patients, leads to brain damage. Furthermore, glucose replenishment following hypoglycemic coma induces neuronal cell death. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying glucose deficiency-induced cytotoxicity and the protective effect of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (D-BHB) using SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxi...

Tris-disrupted and intact brush border membrane preparations from mucosa of hamster jejunum were capable of preferentially binding actively transported D-glucose in a similar manner. Density gradient centrifugation of the Tris-disrupted brush borders indicated that D-glucose was bound to a fraction containing the cores or inner material of the microvilli. The properties of this binding were exa...

1. Certain sugars were transported across the buccal mucosa by a carrier-mediated mechanism. 2. The metabolic loss of sugars from the mouth in a 5 min test period was negligible. 3. The buccal mucosal transport process was stereospecific for D-glucose and L-arabinose. 4. The absorption of D-glucose, galactose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was at least partly dependent on the presence of sodium ions ...

Tris-disrupted and intact brush border membrane preparations from mucosa of hamster jejunum were capable of preferentially binding actively transported D-glucose in a similar manner. Density gradient centrifugation of the Tris-disrupted brush borders indicated that D-glucose was bound to a fraction containing the cores or inner material of the microvilli. The properties of this binding were exa...

The immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic agent cyclosporin binds to a renal polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 75,000 which has been identified as a component of the renal Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter (Neeb, M., Kunz, U., and Koepsell, H. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10718-10729). The same Mr 75,000 polypeptide was covalently labeled with the D-glucose analog 10-N-(bromoacetyl)amino-1...

Aldose-6-phosphate reductase (alditol 6-phosphate:NADP 1-oxidoreductase) was isolated and characterized from mature apple leaves (Malus domestica cv. Starkrimson). The enzyme was purified 79-fold. The enzyme catalyzed the following reversible reaction: d-glucose 6-phosphate + NADPH + H(+) right arrow over left arrow d-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NADP(+). No activity was detected when NAD(+) was subs...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism in Vitamin D-deficient patients with prediabetes. METHODS A total of 66 subjects with the mean ages 52.2±9.9 years were included in this prospective and a 6-month follow-up study between 2008-2010. Vitamin D deficient patients (<25ng/ml) were supplemented with oral Vitamin D. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency...

Isolated perfused rat pancreases were exposed, in the presence of 10.0 mMl-leucine, to either α-d-glucose pentaacetate, β-l-glucose pentaacetate, or unesterified d-glucose, all tested at a 1.7 mM concentration. The pentaacetate ester of α-d-glucose and, to a lesser extent, that of β-l-glucose stimulated both insulin and somatostatin release, whereas unesterifiedd-glucose failed to do so. In the...