In unseren vorangegangenen Arbeiten haben wir die Schwächen der BPMN Geschäftsprozessmodellierung in dem von uns untersuchten Bereich des Precision Dairy Farmings (PDF) aufgezeigt. Dies betraf insbesondere die Darstellung und die Integration von Geschäftsregeln in der Prozessdefinition. Daher war der nächste Schritt die Standardisierung der Ausdrucksweise der Regeln. Als Ausgangspunkt diente un...

Introduction Cost of production The cost of organic dairying Massey University organic /conventional comparison trial Summary Acknowledgements References Appendix Abstract. Organic milk production in the European Union (EU) costs more than conventional production and therefore requires a price premium (15-25%) and an increase in direct payments to ensure the same level of profitability. In Euro...

In dairy cattle, many farming practices have been associated with occurrence of mastitis but it is often difficult to disentangle the causal threads. Structural equation models may reduce the complexity of such situations. Here, we applied the method to examine the links between mastitis (subclinical and clinical) and risk factors such as herd demographics, housing conditions, feeding procedure...

The tropics is not an ideal location for calf rearing as the high temperatures and humidities introduce many potential disease problems to milk fed calves. In addition, the type of dairy farming (generally poorly resourced small holder farming) and the general lack of awareness of the long term implications of poorly reared stock do not encourage farmers to pay close attention to their calf and...

We present the building of a discrete event multimodel simulation tool of livestock farming systems, regrouping several mathematical models, and reproducing cattle herd performances through an individual based model. The main goal of this simulator is to study and predict consequences of mastitis occurrences on dairy herds taking into account individual characteristics of animals and seasonal a...

The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination levels of indoor air in some farm settings, including barns and dairy objects. The level of microorganism emissions from farm buildings into atmospheric air was also estimated. In the research a MAS-100 air sampler (MERCK) was used. It was revealed that the number of microorganisms in barns ranged between 1.7·10 8.8·10 for meso...

The performance of the only dairy manure biogas plant in Cantabria (Northern coast of Spain) was evaluated in terms of liquid-solid separation and anaerobic digestion of the liquid fraction. Screened liquid fraction was satisfactorily treated in a CSTR digester at HRTs from 20 to 10 days with organic loading rates ranging from 2.0 to 4.5 kg VS/(m(3)d). Stable biogas productions from 0.66 to 1.4...

Dairy farming has the potential to pollute waterways through the loss of nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIO). Two on-farm management actions that can reduce losses of N, P and FIOs are the use of wintering feedpads, and the application of nitrification inhibitors. In this paper we outline the results of research undertaken to explore the adoption of these amongst d...

The aim of this work was to determine whether the removal of supernumerary teats from dairy sheep when they are born is a useful procedure in the farming routine. Ewes were divided into 3 groups according to the number of teats at milking: ewes who were born with 2 teats; ewes who were born with 4 teats and had the 2 supernumerary nipples cut just after birth; and ewes who were born with 4 teat...