Single morphine injections induce a state of acute opioid dependence measured by an increase in naloxone potency to precipitate withdrawal. Repeated morphine exposure (daily/weekly intervals) results in further potentiation of naloxone potency, perhaps due to conditioning mechanisms. The current study tested the hypothesis that previously neutral stimuli could elicit a conditioned potentiation ...

To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maxim...

BACKGROUND The issue on timing and number of bile sampling for exfoliative bile cytology is still unsettled. METHODS A total of 100 patients with cholangiocarcinoma undergoing resection after external biliary drainage were randomized into two groups: a 2-day group where bile was sampled five times per day for 2 days; and a 10-day group where bile was sampled once per day for 10 days (register...

W e read with great interest the recent article by van Dijk et al. (1) supporting the importance of exercise in the treatment of diabetes. The authors deserve credit for conducting a difficult study on a topic that is of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. We wish to comment on the study design as well as important findings of the study that were overlooked in the manuscript. Authors ...

This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) that an elite adult (EAT), from same club, during in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 19]) in which spanned four weeks. Training (TL) was monitored as external TL, using global positioning system (GPS), and internal rating perceived exertion (RPE). TL data reco...

background: mucositis is an important adverse effect of cancer treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ice cubes on oral mucositis following head and neck radiotherapy. materials and methods: a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 head and neck cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy. the patients were randomly divided into two experimental and control gr...

cyanobacteria were collected and identified in five paddy fields with different soil textures of golestan province in iran. it was determined that nostoc ellipsosporum and nostoc muscorum were dominant in all sites among 20 species. to assess the ability of atmospheric nitrogen fixation by the species, their pure cultures were provided by growing on bg-11 solid culture medium. subsequently, eac...

Abstract The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings subjected irrigation intervals. experiment performed by 78 days, under four intervals: 0, 4, 8, and 12 combination with concentrations SA: 50, 100, 200 mg L-1. individually maintaining water retention capacity 100%, each maximum height across intervals 24.74 cm at 7-days intervals,...

Abstract Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a method of cold therapy widely applied for muscle recovery after injury to counteract the inflammatory response due specific diseases, characterized by high levels inflammation. WBC consists short exposure, about 2-3 minutes, dry air at cryogenic temperatures (up -190°C) in special chamber. Our study aimed investigate changes respiratory rate, oxygen sa...