BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important clinical entity in dogs. Pulmonary hypertension is generally identified based on echocardiographic findings, but measurement variation of the variables most often used in this context has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To define measurement variation of echocardiographic variables that are used to estimate pulmonary artery pressure. ANIMA...

The purpose of this study was to clarify the trends in the variation within the day, and between days, of subjective symptoms of fatigue (SSF) in the daily life of male students. A SSF questionnaire (54 items) with guaranteed validity and reliability was administered to 104, 15-16 year-old healthy students, 3 times a day, in the morning (about 08:50), mid-day (about 12:10) and afternoon (about ...

Variation of the protein content in urine of patients known to excrete protein in excessiveamountswas studied. Variation in different specimensobtained from the same patient on a particular day and from day to day were studied. A total of 293 urine specimensexcreted over a 3to 6-day period by 25 patients were examined. No particular pattern of protein excretion was observed. The morning specime...

BACKGROUND The feasibility of drug monitoring of serum concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) during chronic morphine therapy is not established. One important factor relevant to drug monitoring is to what extent morphine, M6G and M3G serum concentrations fluctuate during stable morphine treatment. METHODS We included twenty-nine patients adm...

We study the relationships of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity and anisotropy with the 27-day variations of the solar wind (SW) velocity, Wolf number (Rz) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength for different positive (A > 0) and negative (A < 0) polarity periods of the solar magnetic cycles based on the experimental data. We found that the long-lived ac...

BACKGROUND Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a noninvasive method of determining hemodynamic parameters. It is clinically important to determine whether any change in ICG parameters occur due to changes in disease status or therapeutic interventions, or due to normal hemodynamic and technology variability. The objective of this study was to establish the intra- and inter-day reproducibility of IC...

abstract variation of climatic elements could be estimated by standard deviation, coefficients of variation and so on. in iranian climatological literature, variations of climatic elements have main attention during last decades. meanwhile worldwide climatologist desired to study the characteristics of variations as well as the distribution of frequency average of these elements. in this paper,...