(dead or alive) are or were derived from living organism, including microorganisms and fragments of all varieties of living things (Matthias-Maser and Jaenicke, 1995). Biological aerosols span more than intact living organisms (analyzed as CFUs), which also include fragments of both living and dead organisms, plant debris, human and animal epithelial cells, parts of insects, broken hair filamen...

Oxygen availability plays a critical role in cancer progression and is correlated with poor prognosis. Despite this connection, the independent effects of oxygen gradients on tumor tissues have not been measured. To address this, we developed an oxygen delivery device that uses microelectrodes to generate oxygen directly underneath three-dimensional tumor cylindroids composed of colon carcinoma...

Using rabbit ovaries, this study investigated the fate of follicular epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis in follicle atresia, especially in atretic Graafian follicles. This is the first report to apply the TUNEL method and histochemistry for acid phosphatase in order to demonstrate macrophages immigrating into the follicles to eliminate the apoptotically dead epithelial cells. At initial stag...

The loss of neuronal cells, a prominent event in the development of the nervous system, involves regulated triggering of programmed cell death, followed by efficient removal of cell corpses. Professional phagocytes, such as microglia, contribute to the elimination of dead cells. Here we provide evidence that, in addition to their phagocytic activity, microglia promote the death of developing ne...

Physiological cell death and degeneration in the interdigital mesenchyme of the hind foot of the rat foetus have been studied using classical staining methods and staining methods for enzyme localization. Individual mesenchymal cells die and shrink as the result of some unknown mechanism. Their acid phosphatase and esterase activities are not significantly different from those of viable loose m...

It has been demonstrated that cells killed by heat or irradiation have four times greater affinity for actinomycin D (AMD) than do viable tumor cells. By using a double labeling technique, we were able to show that, with increasing amounts of AMD bound in cells, the incorporation of RNA precursors is proportionally decreased. However, in the presence of nonviable cells or of native DNA, the AMD...

It can be demonstrated by an indicator method that living cells are as freely permeable to oxygen as dead cells, and that sudden admission of oxygen to the cell cannot account for increased oxidation as a result of stimulation. Oxygen penetrates as readily as carbon dioxide among the acids and ammonia among the alkalies. Exposure of living plant cells to high oxygen pressures does not initiate ...

s: Tuomela J. et al. Low Toll−Like Receptor 9 Expression Is Required for the Aggressive Behavior of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Hypoxia, PROGRAM #P2−11−10, San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, San Antonio, TX, December 2011 Degrees obtained that are supported by this award; Jouko Sandholm, PhD (pending) Funding applied for based on work supported by this award: Susan Komen grant (pen...