In the above paper,’ an alternative stability analysis was proposed for proving robust stability of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) that employs projection and static instead of dynamic normalization. It was shown in this paper that the analysis for the static normalization case follows directly from that used in the case of dynamic normalization using small in the mean rirguments. It w...

This article studies the optimization of pricing decisions in a supply chain with different channels under different power structure. Three different channel will be considered here; these include: the decentralized, the semi-integrated, and the integrated channel. There are two types of power balance structures for both the decentralized and the semi-integrated channels. The first type is a le...

decentralization is the process of dispersing decision-making closer to the point of peripheral area, service or action. basically decentralized governance, if properly planned and implemented, offers important opportunities for enhanced human development. the studies about this issue in different countries show that most of the decentralizations have been implemented in european countries and ...