Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measure of arterial stiffness and predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in the general population and various patient populations. In the present study, we investigated the predictive value of brachial-ankle PWV for mortality in an elderly Chinese population. Our study subjects were older (≥60 years) persons living in a suburban town of Shanghai. We measure...

Market-based theories predict that differences in CEO skills lead to potentially large differences in pay, but it is challenging to quantify the CEO skill premium in pay. In a first step toward overcoming this empirical challenge, we code detailed biographical information on a large sample of CEOs for a panel of S&P 1,500 firms between 1993 and 2005 to identify specific reputational, career, an...

Research background: Intensive economic growth in Russian regions during recent decades has been associated with numerous environmental issues, particularly increasing CO2 emissions, as well income inequality. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to resolve these issues.
 Purpose of the article: shed light on impact inequality emissions based regional data covering years 200...

The present study analyses wage income inequality in Bulgaria during the period 2010-2019, using data from National Revenue Agency (NRA) on actual incurred of taxpayers and survey Household Budget Survey Statistical Institute (NSI). Key indicators are derived under both approaches, which compared evaluated through descriptive analysis. NSI permanently underestimates level its distribution, as e...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D has potent anticancer properties, especially against digestive-system cancers. Many human studies have used geographic residence as a marker of solar ultraviolet B and hence vitamin D exposure. Here, we considered multiple determinants of vitamin D exposure (dietary and supplementary vitamin D, skin pigmentation, adiposity, geographic residence, and leisure-time physical ac...

BACKGROUND Glasgow's low life expectancy and high levels of deprivation are well documented. Studies comparing Glasgow to similarly deprived cities in England suggest an excess of deaths in Glasgow that cannot be accounted for by deprivation. Within Scotland comparisons are more equivocal suggesting deprivation could explain Glasgow's excess mortality. Few studies have used life expectancy, an ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the relation of birth weight with socioeconomic status measured by an area-based measure of material deprivation and by the Registrar General's social class. SETTING West Midlands Health Region 1991-93. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHOD Birthweight data by enumeration district deciles ranked by Townsend Deprivation Index based on 1991 census data for all...

Objective To measure Differential Attainment (DA) among Scottish medical students and to explore whether attainment gaps increase or decrease during school. Design A retrospective analysis of undergraduate student performance on written assessment, measured at the start end Setting Four schools (universities Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh Glasgow). Participants 1512 who attempted (but did not nece...

Background: In Louisiana, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality exceed national rates. Census tract, sex, racial disparities across the state are well documented. This study examined whether there were subpopulation differences in associations between CRC screening, area deprivation index (ADI), patient characteristics. Methods: retrospective observational incl...

Abstract Introduction Objective markers of insomnia have remained largely elusive. Odds ratio product (ORP; a marker objective sleep quality), is currently being investigated for potential role in assisting diagnosis. Recent research has shown how patients with may present hyperarousal and be identified by looking at ORP architecture. In the current study, we aimed to investigate architecture, ...