We investigate implementation of social choice functions as mappings from states to lotteries under complete information. We assume that for every agent, any pair of distinct states induces distinct preferences. A social choice function is called Condorcet-decisive if it always enforces the Condorcet winner among its range. We introduce plurality mechanisms, where each agent makes a single anno...

Models of expressive voting postulate that voters will ‘consume’ ideological stances on issues by voting for them, even when they are against the voter’s own narrow self interest, if the probability of being a decisive voter is low. When a voter is unlikely to sway the outcome, the odds that a voter will incur any real personal cost (a higher tax burden, for example) from her own expressive vot...

-The paper deals with the concepts of expert system and data mining belongs to the Artificial Intelligence fields. The main task of expert system is to ratiocination, while the machine learning algorithm is to find the better optimal solution. This paper mainly focuses on diagnoses of the disease which is effected to the Emu bird by mechanism of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and A...