The present study compared the relative effectiveness of differential perspective and vergence angle manipulations in scaling depth from horizontal disparities. When differential perspective and vergence angle were manipulated together (to simulate a range of different viewing distances from 28 cm to infinity), approximately 35% of the scaling required for complete depth constancy was obtained....

The decrease in threshold shown by the eye during dark adaptation proceeds in two steps. The first is rapid, short in duration, and small in extent. The second is slow, prolonged, and large. The first is probably due to cone function; the second to rod function. In centrally located fields the two parts of adaptation change differently with area. With small, foveal fields the first part dominat...

A systematic study of the different phases of Lorentz-breaking massive gravity in a curved background is performed. For tensor and vector modes, the analysis is very close to that of Minkowski space. The most interesting results are in the scalar sector where, generically, there are two propagating degrees of freedom (DOF). While in maximally symmetric spaces ghost-like instabilities are inevit...

Under identical viewing conditions, observers made two types of judgement about the shape of stereoscopically defined surfaces: one required an estimate of viewing distance for correct performance (e.g. setting the depth of a hemi-cylinder to equal its half-height or a dihedral angle to 90 deg), the other did not (matching the depth of, for example, sinusoidal corrugations or hemi-cylinders pre...

The accuracy of somatosensory saccades defined by proprioceptive cues with and without an additional tactile stimulus was investigated over a wide range of stimulus amplitudes in 16 normal subjects. The present results confirm that somatosensory saccades are less accurate and more variable than visual saccades. Accuracy was minimal for saccades directed to hand distances of 40–50 deg and increa...

The extended symmetry of the functional of length determined in an affine space K3 of the correlation vectors for homogeneous isotropic turbulence is studied. The two-point velocity-correlation tensor field (parametrized by the time variable t) of the velocity fluctuations is used to equip this space by a family of the pseudo-Riemannian metrics dl2(t) (Grebenev and Oberlack (2011)). First, we o...

We measured thresholds for detecting the direction of curvature in slightly bent stimuli such as arcs and sinusoidal lines, and the direction of bend in chevrons and trapezoids in an initial experiment. Stimulus length varied over a wide range from 8.3 to 267 min arc. For sufficiently long stimuli, the angle between the stimulus and its chord was constant at 0.2-0.3 deg at detection threshold. ...

In a linguistic framework, a new architecture of fuzzy-logic-based consensus model in group decision making is presented. Its most important feature is that it allows to develop a consensus reaching process guided by two types of linguistic consensus measures, consensus degrees and linguistic distances, which describe with a great exactness the current consensus situation. In this way, more hum...

Random graph theory is used to examine the "small-world phenomenon"; any two strangers are connected through a short chain of mutual acquaintances. We will show that for certain families of random graphs with given expected degrees the average distance is almost surely of order log nlog d, where d is the weighted average of the sum of squares of the expected degrees. Of particular interest are ...

Light at the boundary of a uniform test field (contrast) has a qualitatively different effect on color perception than light in more remote noncontiguous regions (context). Basic properties of color perception with contextual short-wavelength light are assessed here with a 1 degree test field surrounded by either contiguous or noncontiguous 440 or 491 nm light (32 td). Contrasting stimuli are 3...