Pain tolerance can be increased by the introduction of an active distraction, such as a computer game. This effect has been found to moderated game demand, i.e., demand = higher pain tolerance. A study was performed classify level and presence using implicit measures from functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) heart rate features electrocardiogram (ECG). Twenty participants played racing...

The Internet functions as an increasingly important channel for retailing commerce and business transactions. Although nearly five billion web sites exist on the World Wide Web, an integrated mediator, called a business agent, is sought to negotiate between suppliers and buyers. Such an intelligent business broker is thus necessary to support efficient and effective sharing of information. This...

Demand response can play a very relevant role in the context of power systems with an intensive use of distributed energy resources, from which renewable intermittent sources are a significant part. More active consumers participation can help improving the system reliability and decrease or defer the required investments. Demand response adequate use and management is even more important in co...

Stance classification is a core component in on-demand argument construction pipelines. Previous work on claim stance classification relied on background knowledge such as manually-composed sentiment lexicons. We show that both accuracy and coverage can be significantly improved through automatic expansion of the initial lexicon. We also developed a set of contextual features that further impro...

This paper describes the test collections produced for the Patent Retrieval Task in the Fifth NTCIR Workshop. We performed the invalidity search task, in which each participant group searches a patent collection for the patents that can invalidate the demand in an existing claim. For this purpose, we performed both document and passage retrieval tasks. We also performed the automatic patent cla...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

one of the most important issues about production structure and measurement of factors utilization in industry is the study of substitutability among the production factors. while, energy, for its particular features like finite and the direct relationship between energy usage and air pollution; and specifically abundance of energy resources and allocation of subsidies to different energy carri...

Because of the continuous improvement technology, mechanization has emerged in various fields. Due to different suitable seasons for growth agricultural plants, faces problems from other industries. That is, machinery and equipment may be used frequently a period time, or idle long time. This leads aging no longer becoming regular, maintenance time spare parts is not fixed, number stored wareho...

Massive classification, a classification task defined over a vast number of classes (hundreds of thousands or even millions), has become an essential part of many real-world systems, such as face recognition. Existing methods, including the deep networks that achieved remarkable success in recent years, were mostly devised for problems with a moderate number of classes. They would meet with sub...

to place the therapeutics of climate on a secure foundation, and he founds his classification of climates on "the demand made by the climate for the production of heat. This corresponds with the demand for tissue change. Now the tonic or relaxing character of a climate turns chiefly on the ability of the organism to adapt itself to the requirements. Other things being equal, that climate is mos...