The traditional approach to demand response of paying for a customer’s electricity consumption reductions relative to an administratively set baseline is currently being advocated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) as a way to foster the participation of final consumers in formal wholesale markets. Although these efforts may lead to greater participation of final consumers in tr...

Worldwide the installed capacity of renewable technologies for electricity production is rising tremendously. The German market is particularly progressive and its regulatory rules imply that production from renewables is decoupled from market prices and electricity demand. Conventional generation technologies are to cover the residual demand (defined as total demand minus production from renew...

To realize smart grids, there is a need for flexible supply and demand of electricity. Conventional heating systems in the Netherlands are based on gas, but new innovative systems, such as heat pumps and micro-CHPs, consume or produce electricity. If the demand for heat and the production/consumption of electricity is decoupled by using a hot water buffer, these heating systems provide the flex...

reaching an electricity system which is both economically efficient and environmentally friendly is motivating countries to design and execute different types of tou demand response programs. but there are certain deficiencies which prevent these programs to effectively modify the load shape. smart grid as a means could help the electricity system to reach the highest demand side management ...