Abstract Future energy systems will be dominated by variable renewable power generation and interconnected sectors, leading to rapidly growing complexity. Flexible elements are required balance the variability of sources, including backup generators storage devices, but also flexible consumers. Demand response (DR) aims adapt demand generation, in particular shifting load time. In this article,...

This paper reviews the most recent and relevant research into the variability characteristics of wind and solar power resources in Europe. The background for this study is that wind and solar resources will probably constitute major components of the future European power system. Such resources are variable, and EU plans to balance the variability with more grids and demand response. Thus, plan...

The Patient Transport Service is a vital component of many healthcare systems. However, increasing demand and constrained resources impose great challenges, especially in Scotland where there is a substantial remote and rural population. This case study describes the development of a decision support tool for strategic resource allocation decisions. The tool had to be relevant to management's p...

Abstract Lacking timely access to rescue resources is one of the main causes casualties in tunnel collapse. To provide rescue, this study proposed a multi-objective preallocation model special emergency for collapse based on demand time. Efficiency, multiple coverage, and cost-effectiveness are taken as key objectives model; time service range used coverage decision factor considering unique na...

Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of any significant, rapid demand-side response to the wholesale (or, spot market) price. For a variety of reasons, most electricity consumers still pay an average cost based regulated retail tariff held over from the era of vertical integration, even as the retailers themselves are ...