Abstract The social sciences often explain behavioral differences by appealing to membership in distinct cultural groups. This work uses the concepts of “cultures” and “cultural groups” like any other demographic category (e.g. “gender”, “socioeconomic status”). I call these joint conceptualizations cultures . Such have long been subject scrutiny. Here isolate respond a set arguments skepticism...

The problem of indexing path queries in semistructured/XML databases has received considerable attention recently, and several proposals have advocated the use of structure indexes as supporting data structures for this problem. In this paper, we investigate efficient update algorithms for structure indexes. We study two kinds of updates — the addition of a subgraph, intended to represent the a...

We propose a new compression algorithm that is tailored to database applications It can be applied to a collection of records and is especially e ective for records with many low to medium cardinality elds and numeric elds In addition this new technique sup ports very fast decompression Promising application domains include decision sup port systems DSS since fact tables which are by far the la...

Search engines are an essential tool for modern life. We use them to discover new information on diverse topics and to locate a wide range of resources. The search process in all practical search engines is supported by an inverted index structure that stores all search terms and their locations within the searchable document collection. Inverted indexes are highly optimised, and significant wo...

The speciication and derivation of substitution for the de Bruijn representation of-terms is used to illustrate programming with a function-sequence monad. The resulting program is improved by interactive program transformation methods into an eecient implementation that uses primitive machine arithmetic. These transformations illustrate new techniques that assist the discovery of the arithmeti...

The article describes a new data structure called neuro-index. It is an alternative to wellknown file indexes. The neuro-index is fundamentally different because it stores weight coefficients in neural network. It is not a reference type like ”keyword–position in a file”.

OBJECTIVES To describe the methods used in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to collect nationally representative data on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assess the value of such data to country HIV surveillance systems. METHODS During 2001-04, national samples of adult women and men in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Mali, Kenya, United Repu...

"Population estimates from the 1990 Post-Enumeration Survey (PES), used to measure decennial census undercount, were obtained from dual system estimates (DSE's) that assumed independence within strata defined by age-race-sex-geography and other variables. We make this independence assumption for females, but develop methods to avoid the independence assumption for males within strata by using ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Sri Lanka has been able to achieve low childhood mortality levels at low cost. However, this achievement may have been at the expense of increasing mortality inequalities between socio-economic groups. This study addresses the question whether socio-economic mortality inequalities rise as overall mortality falls by describing socio-economic inequalities in under 5 mortali...

In this paper, we first show how the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) can be integrated with other data sources to expand the types of variables available for analysis of population and health outcomes. Second, we demonstrate one particular example of such integration by modelling the social, physical, and built environment determinants of health outcomes at the district level in Ghana, Mal...