Little is known about how cultivation legacies affect the outcome of rehabilitation seedings in the Great Basin, even though both frequently co-occur on the same lands. Similarly, there is little known about how these legacies affect native species reestablishment into these seedings. We examined these legacy effects by comparing areas historically cultivated and seeded to adjacent areas that w...

Woody vegetation encroachment in natural grasslands is a concern in many parts of the world. We evaluated the effect of Baccharis uncinella (Asteraceae) encroachment on grassland vegetation in southern Brazil, in terms of plant composition and richness. We conducted a vegetation survey in 12 plots of 10 × 10 m. The study site was a forest-grassland mosaic where management practices have been ex...

Germination response to fluctuating temperatures is a mechanism by which seeds detect gaps in vegetation canopies and depth of burial in soil, and it is very important for plants. Thus, studies on the effect of fluctuating temperature on germination at the community level are valuable for understanding community structure and biodiversity maintenance. We determined the effects of two alternatin...

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) occupies large portions of the western United States and provides valuable wildlife habitat. However, information is lacking quantifying differences in native perennial forb characteristics between mountain big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle] and Wyoming big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Wels...

Plants can influence the level of herbivory experienced by neighboring plants. The importance such belowground associational effects are poorly understood. In this study we examine whether Jacobaea vulgaris provides resistance against nematodes to Thirteen species (6 forbs, 3 grasses and 4 legumes) were each grown in mixtures with J. monocultures. A nematode community was introduced half pots. ...

Harvester ants are known as one of the most renowned bio-disturbances in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems that affecte vegetation by collecting seeds and harvesting plants. It seems that physiognomy of plant association in steppe shrub land of Roodshoor, Saveh, Iran has been highly changed by harvester ants’ activities that caused to conduct this research. The study was carried out on active a...

an analytical equation of state has been previously modified by papari et al. for representing the volumetric properties of molecular fluids. however the performance of that eos has not been yet well investigated for refrigerant fluids. this study extended that equation to 19 liquid refrigerants to predict their densities at isothermal and saturated states. two temperature-independent parameter...