Studies on specific animal-phobias are typically focused on fear, despite the observation that anxiety often involves an aggregate of several emotions where fear could be the main feeling (Bartlett & Izard, 1972). Specific phobias are restricted to well-defined situations and they are not usually accompanied by the generalized anxiety, spontaneous panic, and depression that commonly trouble ago...

Despite technological advances in modern medical science and practice, many people still associate dental treatment with unpleasant emotional sensations pain. According to the current literature, fear anxiety are psychological barriers that negatively affect frequency of patient attendance which results avoidant behavior poorer oral health-related quality life.