A natural theoretical framework is presented which allows for small departures from quark-lepton universality such that different G F and sin 2 θ W values are applicable for different processes.

This paper draws on Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) theory (Coase, 1937; Williamson, 1985, 1988, 1999) to examine hotel outsourcing. The study focuses on the uncertainty and frequency attributes, two of three activity attributes that TCE theorists see as affecting the propensity to outsource. Findings relating to the third TCE activity attribute, asset specificity, are reported in Lamminmaki (...

The paper compares universal social programs with targeted social benefits. We define "universality" as separability of the tax/transfer system in income and other non-monetary attributes, and introduce the concept of "parallel equity" a requirement that like differences in needs should be treated alike. We develop a model based on optimal tax theory which shows that under specified assumptions...

2014 We have performed qualitative observations of both macroscopic and local motions in a ferrofluid and in a suspension of magnetic grains under a rotating magnetic field H. The individual grains rotate synchronously. We then find that : 2014 When the macroscopic magnetization vector M is uniform over the whole sample volume, there is no bulk rotation of the liquid. 2014 Slight departures fro...

We consider the problem of inference in a probabilistic model for transient populations where we wish to learn about arrivals, departures, and population size over all time, but the only available data are periodic counts of the population size at specific observation times. The underlying model arises in queueing theory (as an Mt/G/∞ queue) and also in ecological models for short-lived animals...