p-Methylaminophenol Sulfate is a substituted phenol used as a dye and a photographic developer. In skin absorption studies of radioactive p-aminophenol, as much as 11% of the radioactivity was found in the excreta, viscera, and skin of rats. In subchronic and chronic dermal toxicity studies of hair dyes containing p-Methylaminophenol Sulfate, among other active ingredients, no toxicologically s...

We reevaluated histological slides of dorsal skin in control animals from past percutaneous dose toxicity studies using dogs, rabbits and rats to provide background data concerning histological changes related to preparation and application procedures and vehicles or embrocations of every variety. Acanthosis, dermal or perifollicular inflammatory cell infiltration in dogs; hyperkeratosis, acant...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), in the two crystalline forms, rutile and anatase, have been widely used in many industrial fields, especially in cosmetics. Therefore, a lot of details about their safety issues have been discussed by the scientific community. Many studies have led to a general agreement about TiO2NPs toxicity, in particular for anatase form, but no mechanism details ha...

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits were exposed dermally to 0, 10, 25, and 75 mg/kg/day of monoethanolamine (MEA) for approximately 6 hr/day on Days 6 through 15 (rats) or 6 through 18 (rabbits) of gestation. A fifth dose group of 225 mg MEA/kg/day was evaluated in rats only. Dermal exposure of pregnant rats to 225 mg/kg/day and rabbits to 75 mg/kg/day resulted in signif...

As increasing variants of nanoparticles (NPs) are being used in various products, it has become apparent that size alone can no longer adequately explain the variety of generated toxic profiles. Recent studies with NPs have suggested that various sizes of NPs could determine in vitro toxicity. In an attempt to address concerns regarding neurotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silica (SiO2) NPs, t...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as a worldwide environmental contamination problem because of their intrinsic chemical stability, high resistance to various transformation processes, and toxicity property. Because of the wide distribution of the PAHs in the environment, human exposure to the PAHs is likely to occur from dermal contact, ingestion of particles, inhalation o...

Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and its potential as a serious environmental health threat is beginning to be recognized. Humans are exposed to acrolein per oral (food and water), respiratory (cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and biocide use) and dermal routes, in addition to endogenous generation (metabolism and lipid peroxidation)....

BMJ 1993;306:1527-9 Thallium is a heavy metal whose salts are used in some rodent poisons and in the manufacture of optical lenses, semiconductors, scintillation counters, low temperature thermometers and switching devices, green coloured fireworks, and imitation jeweliery, and as chemical catalysts. In clinical practice thallium isotopes are used in cardiac scanning,12 but the use of thallium ...

Nanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties and, thus, complex exposure and health risk implications. This symposium review summarizes recent findings in exposure and toxicity of nanoparticles and their application for assessing human health risks. Characterization of airborne particles indicates that exposures will depend on particle behavior (e.g., disperse or ag...