• China will have enough nuclear power by 2030 to eradicate water scarcity. • Nuclear desalination would be affordable even for the poorest Chinese households. • It emits hundreds of times less CO2 than the STNWTP and coal desalination. • Nuclear desalination should be used to supply water to the coastal demand centers. • Water supply from STNWTP should be limited to remote provinces. a b s t r...

Due to the accelerated industrial and urbanization development, climate change, increasing populations life quality expectations, issue of drinking water shortage has raised much public awareness. The desalination system been widely applied accommodate growing demand for clean resources despite continuous concerns about its relatively higher energy consumption environmental footprints. This res...

The economics membrane distillation (MD) and common seawater desalination methods including multi effect distillation (MED), multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are compared. MD also has the opportunity to enhance RO recovery, demonstrated experimentally on RO concentrate from groundwater. MD concentrated RO brine to 361,000 mg/L total dissolved solids, an order of magnitude more sa...

Disposal of RO concentrates emanating from inland brackish water desalination plants presents a difficult environmental problem. The solution adopted by Mekorot--the National Water Company of Israel--is to construct a 30 km waste disposal pipeline for collecting concentrates emanating from several RO desalination plants and discharging them into the sea. The discharged concentrates are highly s...

The hybrid process of seawater desalting couples the reverse osmosis with the multi-stage flash process. The hybrid process is usually planned to improve the performance of MSF and reduce the cost of desalted water. Most of the studies on these plants refer to the parameters (both technical and economical) that have been obtained in the countries where desalination processes are in common use. ...

In the design and control of reverse osmosis desalination plants, the clean water flux, which passes through the membranes, is the most important variable. Flux depends on several parameters, such as the membrane permeability or the temperature, but mainly on the salt concentration on the membrane surface. The salt concentration is easily measured in the bulk of the feed, but not on the membran...

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely applied in seawater desalination (SWRO) and wastewater reclamation as the main desalination technology since 2000. SWRO plants face challenges to reduce energy consumption and brine disposal to lessen marine pollution. To tackle these challenges, a SWRO-PRO (Pressure Retarded Osmosis) System was proposed in the “Mega-ton Water System” project unde...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are commonly used for sea water desalination to produce fresh water. These membranes are usually prepared using interfacial polymerization. Hydrophobic diamine and water-soluble chloride salt precursor are reacted to form a thin polyamide (PA) separation layer on a porous support [1]. The PA cross-linking density has a...