Amphiphile selection is a critical step for structural studies of membrane proteins (MPs). We have developed a family of steroid-based facial amphiphiles (FAs) that are structurally distinct from conventional detergents and previously developed FAs. The unique FAs stabilize MPs and form relatively small protein-detergent complexes (PDCs), a property considered favorable for MP crystallization. ...

Efficacy against the sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF) Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) of an insecticidal soap, two horticultural oils (one vegetable and the other petroleum based) and 15 detergents was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Applications were directed to the underside of infested zucchini squash, tomato, or poinsettia leaves. Live nymphs were distinguished by their ability to deposit hone...

A novel generic approach is described for the selective extraction of detergents from mixed detergent/lipid/protein micelles for the preparation of proteoliposomes of defined lipid-protein ratio. The approach is based on the much higher affinity of inclusion compounds of the cyclodextrin type for detergents in comparison with bilayer-forming lipids. This approach has distinct advantages over ot...

of the detergents used (Evans, 1956), although the sharp cut-off in activity evident lends support to the idea that protein denaturation by anionic detergents involves the formation of protein-detergent micelles (Tanford, 1970). The most effective inhibitor of glucuronidase activity was sodium tridecyl sulphate, whereas sodium pentadecyl sulphate exerted the strongest effects on the sulphatase....

Polymersomes made of amphiphilic diblock copolymers are generally regarded as having higher physical and chemical stability than liposomes composed phospholipids. This enhanced arises from the molecular weight polymer constituents. Despite their increased stability, bilayers solubilized by detergents in a similar manner to lipid bilayers. In this work, we evaluated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-p...

The most common anionic surfactants in the formulation of detergents are Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS), with an sulfonate head group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail group. two primary synthetic detergents, together sodium laureth sulphate, have been around for quite some time may be found many personal-care items such as shampoos, soaps, toothpaste, laundry detergent. LAS is relative...

Formaldehyde is commonly used in detergents and cosmetic products as antibacterial agent and preservative. This substance is unfavorable for human health because it is known to be toxic for humans and causes irritation of eyes and skins. The toxicology studies of this compound indicate risk of detergents and cosmetic formulations with a minimum content of 0.05% free formaldehyde. Therefore, det...

The environmental profile of laundry detergents at three time points (1988, 1992, and 1998) were compared on the basis of two distinct, complementary approaches: Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) and Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results are presented in this paper and its accompanying paper in this issue (Part I: Product Environmental Risk Assessment). Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) data from...

1. Fat malabsorption caused by bile-salt deficiency is not easily corrected by standard therapy. It has been shown in rats with bile-salt deficiency that non-ionic detergents can replace bile salts and improve fat absorption. A careful assessment of the place of synthetic detergents such as Tween in human therapy has not been reported. 2. The effects of Tween were studied in 13 patients with bi...

Attempts have been made to explain the action of certain proteindenaturing agents, such as organic solvents, urea, guanidine halides, and salicylates, in terms of (a) physical solvent effects (cf. (4)) or (b) unspecified intermediary combination between denaturant and protein (cf. (5)). Recent work has shown that the denaturing effect of guanidine hydrochloride, one of the most powerful denatur...