Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for dissecting the molecular mechanisms that regulate sleep, and numerous studies in the fly have identified genes that impact sleep-wake cycles. Conditional genetic analysis is essential to distinguish the mechanisms by which these genes impact sleep: some genes might exert their effects developmentally, for instance by directing the assembl...

Plant viruses may affect the viability and development process of their herbivore vectors. Small brown planthopper (SBPH) is main vector of Rice stripe virus (RSV), which causes serious rice stripe disease. Here, we reported the effects of RSV on SBPH offspring by crossing experiments between viruliferous and non-viruliferous strains. The life parameters of offspring from different cross combin...

There are striking similarities between the developmental phenotypes of two different mutant classes of Myxococcus xanthus. The first class, mglA mutants, are nonmotile under all conditions tested. The second class, csgA mutants, are motile but belong to a class of signal-defective developmental mutants that cannot develop alone but will develop when mixed with intact wild-type cells. Neverthel...

In this review, we summarize the current genetic information on human developmental disorders found in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The OMIM catalogues human phenotypes and genotypes and relevant mouse models. Among the more than 11005 genetic disorders and loci, we found at least 1231 human conditions with known gene mutationsffWe searched for human developmental disorders that ...

It has been noted in recent years that groups ofgenes are often used at multiple stages and multiple places of development. Comparison of the functions of each group of genes in different developmental context gave rise to the notion of "functional gene cassettes." These groups of genes can often be viewed as sets of tools; each group is suited to carry out a certain operation and may serve sim...

The development of the nematode C. elegans is highly invariant, and has been described in great detail. Many developmental mutations have been isolated and analysed; some of these identify switch genes, i.e. genes that control the choice between two developmental alternatives. It appears that the genetic controls of development in this animal are discrete, hierarchical and relatively simple. Th...

Developmental processes shape plant morphologies, which constitute important adaptive traits selected for during evolution. Identifying the genes that act in developmental pathways and determining how they are modified during evolution is the focus of the field of evolutionary developmental biology, or evo-devo. Knowledge of genetic pathways in the plant model Arabidopsis serves as the starting...

We have used expression profiling and in vivo imaging to characterize Caenorhabditis elegans embryos as they transit from a developmentally plastic state to the onset of differentiation. Normally, this transition is accompanied by activation of developmental regulators and differentiation genes, downregulation of early-expressed genes, and large-scale reorganization of chromatin. We find that l...

(SCNT) embryos of buffaloes. 2. To study gene expression profile of important developmental genes at different stages of SCNT cloned embryo. 3. To study epigenetic reprogramming during early developments of SCNT embryos Materials and Methods: Expression analysis of developmental genes was done in different (ovarian granulose and cumulus and skin fibroblasts) donor cells; in vitro maturing oocyt...

The influence of hormones on plant growth and development has been clearly documented over the past 50 years. Now, with molecular genetics, the genes that convert changes in hormone levels into a cellular response are beginning to be identified. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the developmental context in which the hormones act plays a large influence on their synthesis and actio...