Labor is a physiological event involving a sequential, integrated set of changes within the myometrium, deciduas, and uterine cervix that occur gradually over a period of days to weeks. Biochemical connective tissue changes in the uterine cervix appear to precede uterine contractions and cervical dilation, and all of these events usually occur before rupture of the fetal membranes. In other wor...

Labor is a physiological event involving a sequential, integrated set of changes within the myometrium, deciduas, and uterine cervix that occur gradually over a period of days to weeks. Biochemical connective tissue changes in the uterine cervix appear to precede uterine contractions and cervical dilation, and all of these events usually occur before rupture of the fetal membranes. In other wor...

Massive crop failures worldwide are caused by abiotic stress. In plants, adverse environmental conditions cause extensive damage to the overall physiology and agronomic yield at various levels. Phytochromes photosensory phosphoproteins that absorb red (R)/far (FR) light play critical roles in different physiological biochemical responses light. Considering role of phytochrome essential plant de...

The causal relationship between cell division and growth in plants is complex. Although altered expression of cell-cycle genes frequently leads to altered organ growth, there are many examples where manipulation of the division machinery leads to a limited outcome at the level of organ form, despite changes in constituent cell size. One possibility, which has been under-explored, is that altere...

Cytokinins were discovered in the search for factors that promoted division of plant cells in culture. Naturally occurring cytokinins are N-substituted adenine derivatives that generally contain an isoprenoid derivative side chain. These hormones influence numerous aspects of plant development and physiology, including seed germination, de-etiolation, chloroplast differentiation, apical dominan...

Immature vertebrates-either as an embryo in an egg, as free-living larva, or as an in utero fetus, are clearly not just small versions of adults. Their cardiovascular physiology (and doubtlessly other aspects of physiology) differs from that of adults both qualitatively and quantitatively. Yet, comparative cardiovascular physiologists have been relatively conservative in constructing a new (or ...

Oxygen isotope compositions of herbivore tooth enamel from two areas in Kenya were measured using a laser Ž . fluorination approach. Isotope heterogeneity was found within four sets of teeth in the jaws of different individuals ;2‰ , Ž . as well as within individual teeth. The rear molar M3 of a zebra shows a 1.4‰ variability, whereas, the middle and rear Ž . Ž . molars M2 and M3 of a gazelle s...