The exodermis of Iris germanica roots is multiseriate. Its outermost layer matures first with typical Casparian bands and suberin lamellae. But as subsequent layers mature, the Casparian band extends into the tangential and anticlinal walls of their cells. Compared with roots in which the endodermis represents the major transport barrier, the multiseriate exodermis (MEX) was expected to reduce ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the apical foramen morphology and the length of merged canal at the apex in type II root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included intact extracted maxillary and mandibular human premolars (n = 20) with fully formed roots without any visible signs of external resorption. The root segments were obtained ...

fertilization on shoot and fine root growth of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. and C. Laws. grown in native soil in open-top field-exposure chambers at Placerville, CA, over a 2-year period. The experimental design was a replicated 3 × 3 factorial with the center treatment missing; plants were exposed to ambient (~365 μmol mol) air or ambient air plus either 175 or 350 μmol mol CO2 in combin...

To identify why tree growth differs by afforestation type is a matter of prime concern in forestry. A study was conducted to determine why oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) grows better in the presence of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) than in monoculture. Different types of stands (i.e., monocultures and mixture of black locust and oriental arborvitae, and native grassland as a...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the canal diameters in the apical roots of human teeth to determine prevalence and extent of long oval canals. STUDY DESIGN This investigation was carried out on 180 extracted human teeth, 20 for each tooth group. Each root was horizontally sectioned at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm from the apex. Canal diameters were measured with a measuring microsc...

Water scarcity and the increasing severity of water deficit stress are major challenges to sustaining irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) production. Despite the technologies developed to reduce the water requirement, rice growth is seriously constrained under water deficit stress compared with other dryland cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). We exposed rice cultivars with contrasting respons...

Root studies are being used to monftor possible changes in growth of loblolly pines on a long-term serf productivity study site. Here, we report the results of a preliminary look at roots in the sixth growrng season, Roots were collected from loblolly pines grown in soil that was first subjected to three levels of compaction (none, moderate, severe) and three levels of organic matter removal (s...

An appropriate planting density could realize the maximum yield potential of crops, but mechanism sweet potato storage root formation in response to is still rarely investigated. Four densities, namely D15, D20, D25, and D30, were set for 2-year two-site field experiments investigate carbohydrate lignin metabolism roots its relationship with number, yield, commercial characteristics at harvest ...

In the initial phase of coffee crop, control weeds and water availability for establishment plants is a concern. The polyethylene cover can positively influence chemical biological characteristics soil and, consequently, root system. objective this work was to evaluate morphology system using mulching different widths colors. Coffee planted in December 2016 cultivar Topázio MG-1190. A randomize...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the fracture strength of roots instrumented with three different single file rotary systems in curved mesial root canals of maxillary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Curvatures of 25°-35° on mesial roots of 60 maxillary molar teeth were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 11 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect ...