Two hundred and one subjects (147 men and 54 women) were randomly allocated to either a high cereal fibre diet or a low cereal fibre diet for four weeks. Each group then followed the alternative diet for a further four weeks. Cereal fibre intakes were 19g/d (31 g/d 21 g/d total fibre) and 6g/d (19g/d total fibre) on the high and low fibre diets respectively (p less than 0.001). Energy, protein,...

Among modifiable lifestyle factors, diet may affect cognitive health. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations may exist between dietary exposures [e.g., caffeine (mg/d), alcohol (g/d), and nutrient adequacy] and cognitive performance and change over time. This was a prospective cohort study, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 628-1305 persons depending on the cognitive outcome...

Increases in serum phosphorus levels and dietary phosphorus intake induces vascular calcification, arterial sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Limiting phosphorus intake is advisable, however, no assessment methods are capable of estimating dietary phosphorus intake. We hypothesized that urinary phosphorus excretion can be translated into estimation of dietary phosphorus intake, and we eval...

BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that concentrations of arsenic in breast milk are relatively low even in areas with high drinking-water arsenic. However, it is uncertain whether breastfeeding leads to reduced infant exposure to arsenic in regions with lower arsenic concentrations. OBJECTIVE We estimated the relative contributions of breast milk and formula to arsenic exposure during earl...

To support people trying to lose weight and stay healthy, more and more fitness apps have sprung up including the ability to track both calories intake and expenditure. Users of such apps are part of a wider "quantified self" movement and many opt-in to publicly share their logged data. In this paper, we use public food diaries of more than 4,000 long-term active MyFitnessPal users to study the...

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have reported that the effect of a meal's glycemic index (GI) on subsequent energy intake depends on the timing of the subsequent meal. OBJECTIVE We examined whether the timing of the next meal after breakfast modifies the effect of the breakfast GI (GI(br)) on subsequent daytime energy intake of healthy free-living children. DESIGN Analyses included 381 part...

OBJECTIVE To describe the introduction of complementary foods in a population-based cohort in relation to recommendations and explore the possible impact of maternal education on infant feeding practices. DESIGN Prospective data from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort study were used. The ABIS study invited all infants born in south-east Sweden during October 1997-October 1999 (...

National survey data show that reported energy intake has decreased in recent decades despite a rise in the prevalence of obesity. This disparity may be due to a secular increase in under-reporting or a quantitatively greater decrease in energy expenditure. This study examines the extent of under-reporting of energy intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in young people aged 4-...

1. Milk productions and 7 d dietary records were determined on twenty-seven mothers who had been breast-feeding for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 months. 2. The mean milk productions for each group of mothers was 1 . 87, 1 . 238, 0 . 884, 0 . 880 and 0 . 951 kg/24 h at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of lactation respectively. There was no significant difference between two milk determination 3--7 d apart ...

OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between the ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) and age and body mass index (BMI) among Japanese adults. DESIGN Energy intake was assessed by 4-day semi-weighed diet records in each of four seasons (16 days in total). The EI/BMR ratio was calculated from reported energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate as an indicator of reportin...