Standard IDDQ testing is limited by the ability to distinguish a small fault current from a large background leakage current: this limitation is overcome in FPGAs by differential IDDQ testing. Partitioning of interconnects—dividing the interconnect resources of an FPGA into groups—further increases the detectability of a fault current. Fault location can be achieved by iteratively applying part...

Differential fault analysis (DFA) poses a significant threat to Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It has been demonstrated that DFA can use only a single faulty ciphertext to reveal the secret key of AES in an average of 230 computation. Traditionally, concurrent error detection (CED) is used to protect AES against DFA. However, we emphasize that conventional CED assumes a uniform distributio...

This paper proposes a pattern recognition based differential spectral energy protection scheme for ac microgrids using a Fourier kernel based fast sparse time-frequency representation (SST or simply the sparse S-Transform). The average and differential current components are passed through a change detection filter, which senses the instant of fault inception and registers a change detection po...

Abstract—The Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter is proposed for state estimation and fault diagnosis in distributed parameter systems and particularly in dynamical systems described by partial differential equations of the nonlinear wave type. At a first stage, a nonlinear filtering approach for estimating the dynamics of a 1D nonlinear wave equation, from measurements provided from a smal...

PROOFS (Parallel RestOrative Orderindependent Fault Simulator) is a hybrid of concurrent, differential, and parallel fault simulation algorithms. It retains fault dropping advantage of concurrent method, word level parallelism of parallel method and low memory requirement of differential, while minimizing their individual disadvantages. Parallel simulation of faults reduces simulation time of P...

In this chapter we study the fault detection problem using residual generators based upon high gain nonlinear observers in a differential algebraic framework. We analyze the stability of the residual generator when a fault occurs. We also consider two faults types: constant and time-varying faults. It is shown that under some mild conditions over the aforementioned faults the residual is differ...

background: fatty acids are the main compounds in edible oils. oil thermal stability depends on the composition of fatty acids. so, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of fatty acid composition on the oxidative stability of extra virgin olive oil during heating process.  methods: totally, eight virgin olive oil samples, including five imported oils from market place of mahabad an...

In this paper, we present a new reset tree-based scheme to protect cryptographic hardware against optical fault injection attacks. As one of the most powerful invasive attacks on cryptographic hardware, optical fault attacks cause semiconductors to misbehave by injecting high-energy light into a decapped integrated circuit. The contaminated result from the affected chip is then used to reveal s...

In this paper we propose an improved multi-byte differential fault analysis of AES-128 key schedule using a single pair of fault-free and faulty ciphertexts. We propose a four byte fault model where the fault is induced at ninth round key. The induced fault corrupts all the four bytes of the first column of the ninth round key which subsequently propagates to the entire tenth round key. The ele...