AIM Ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are the mainstays of diagnosing thyroid cancer accurately and reducing the number of diagnostic lobectomies. No benchmark for diagnostic accuracy has been published in the South African context. This single-institution study addresses this deficit. METHODS The oncology, pathology and surgical records of all patients diagnosed with t...

Somatostatin (SRIH) analogs can suppress the proliferation of human differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell lines that express SRIH receptors (SSTRs) demonstrated by radioligand binding analysis. Five distinct human SSTR subtypes (hSSTR1-5) that bind native SRIH exhibit diverse affinities to a wide range of SRIH analogs. Reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) obtained...

It is also known that RAI treatment can induce an alteration in immune response to thyroid antigens in Graves’ disease (5). Thus it is also possible that thyroid antigens can be released into the circulation after destruction of thyroid cells by RAI in patients with thyroid cancer. Evidence for this comes from our previous study which showed that serum thyroid peroxidase was detectable after RA...

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma may occur outside of the basins at greatest risk of spread, such as the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The extensive surgery of traditional approaches to the retropharyngeal space are rarely justified in the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Therefore, a less invasive surgical approach is advantage...

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies that arise from transformation of pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the carcinogenic mechanism of anaplastic transformation remains unclear. We describe a case for huge goiter diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma, which underwent thyroidectomy. The final histology showed anaplastic transforma...

BACKGROUND Recent molecular studies have described a number of abnormalities associated with the progression and dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma. These distinct molecular events are often associated with specific stages of tumor development. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer pathogenesis may help to translate these discoveries toward improvements in pati...

Bronchogenic cysts with malignant change are rarely reported. We describe a case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from a cervical bronchial cyst in a patient presenting with a thyroid mass, cervical lymphadenopathy, and initial biopsy suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, radiographic images, and pathology slides are presen...

Current methods for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma are time consuming or expensive. Thus, alternative approaches are required. In the present study, microRNAs (miRNAs) with higher sensitivity and specificity were screened while distinguishing between differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and subtype papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 120 cases suspected of having thyroid carcinoma wer...

BACKGROUND Non-functioning parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease that is difficult to distinguish from other diseases based on the lack of hyperparathyroidism. This is a report of non-functioning parathyroid carcinoma diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting parathyroid hormone (PTH) messenger RNA. CASE PRESENTATION The patient is a 67-year-old male wh...

Note Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTCs) derives from the thyroid follicular cells, as the other type of welldifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, the follicular ones; however these differentiated thyroid cancers are regarded as different entities: The follicular carcinoma, solitary and encapsulated, is associated with endemic goiter, a diet with low iodine intake and metastatizes almost exclusive...