stem cells can be valuable model systems for drug discovery and modelling human diseases as well as to investigate cellular interactions and molecular events in the early stages of development. controlling the differentiation of stem cells into specific germ layers provides a potential source of highly specialized cells for therapeutic applications. in recent years, finding individual propertie...

significant advances have been made in diagnosis and therapy of demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. the most common entities of this disorders in adults – multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica were initially thought to be different phenotypes of more or less the same disease. during the last ten years, this view was subsequently changed and the term neuromyelitis optica...

liver failure, in an acute or chronic form, is a growing health problem ranking as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in hepatic enzymes or other proteins with metabolic functions, such as receptors or transporters accompanied with environmental factors involve etiology and presentation of liver failure. currently, the only establi...

Neuroblastoma, the major cause of infant cancer deaths, results from fast proliferation of undifferentiated neuroblasts. Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma includes differentiation with retinoic acid (RA); however, the resistance of many of these tumors to RA-induced differentiation poses a considerable challenge. Human achaete-scute homolog 1 (hASH1) is a proneural basic helix-loop-helix tra...

objective: most people experience bone damage and bone disorders during their lifetimes. the use of autografts is a suitable way for injury recovery and healing. mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are key players in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. their proliferation potential and multipotent differentiation ability enable mscs to be considered as appropriate cells for therapy and clin...

The occurrence of severe bleeding syndrome because the PML-RARα fusion protein is a life-threatening event in APL. This destabilizes homeostasis, maturation, remodeling, and tissue regeneration addition to hampering maintenance differentiation hematopoietic cells into different lineages, fixing promyelocyte stage. APL classic example how effective targeted therapy and, therefore, important use ...

For back disorders, cell therapy is one approach for a real regeneration of a degenerated nucleus pulposus. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) could be differentiated into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells and used for cell therapy. Therefore it is necessary to find a suitable biocompatible matrix, which supports differentiation. It could be shown that a differentiation of hMSC in a microbial t...