Recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of kidney function in healthy aging. We examined the association between kidney function and change in cognitive function in 3,907 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study whowere recruited from 4US communities and studied from 1992 to 1999. Kidney function wasmeasured by cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). Cogn...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral microvascular disease may be a risk factor for the development of dementia in elderly persons. We describe the association of retinal microvascular signs with cognitive function and dementia among older individuals. METHODS In the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study, 2211 persons aged 69 to 97 years at recruitment had retinal photography. Photographs w...

Recent studies report a link between common environmental exposures, such as particulate matter air pollution and tobacco smoke, and decline in cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a selected group of chemicals present in particulate matter and tobacco smoke, and measures of cognitive performance...

High intensity physical exercise has previously been found to lead to a decline in cognitive performance of adults. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maximal intensity exercise on cognitive performance of children. Using a repeated-measures design, 20 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years completed a battery of tests measuring memory and attention. Forward and Backward Di...

Erasure-generation techniques are investigated in conjunction with symbol interleaving as methods to improve the performance of meteor-burst communication systems. Erasure generation via Viterbi’s ratio-threshold test (RTT) and a Bayesian scheme are both considered. It is found that a system using fixedrate coding, interleaving, and erasure generation can significantly outperform more complex v...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Secondary-progressive MS is characterized by reduced acute inflammation and contrast enhancement but with increased axonal degeneration and cognitive/clinical disability that worsens with advanced disease. Relative recirculation, extracted from DSC is a surrogate measure of BBB integrity. We hypothesized that normal-appearing white matter relative recirculation is reduced...

Data are presented on two computerized tests of everyday verbal learning: Paired associate learning of First-Last Names (FLN), and the Grocery List Selective Reminding Test (GLSRT). MANOVA and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that performance on FLN and GLSRT was most strongly related to age, with significant secondary associations found for gender, with females performing better than ...

BACKGROUND Exposure to organic solvents is common among workers. OBJECTIVE To assess neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to organic solvents among rubber workers in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Across-sectional study was conducted on 223 employees of a rubber industry. The participants completed a data collection sheet on their occupational and medical history, and demographic characteri...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that adverse conditions during fetal and early life are associated with lower performance on neurocognitive tests in childhood, adolescence and adult life. There is, however, a paucity in studies investigating these associations into old age. The aim was to investigate the impact of early life factors on cognitive function in old age by taking advantage of...

Executive function involves the efficient and adaptive engagement of the control processes of updating, shifting, and inhibition (Miyake, 2000) to guide behavior toward a goal. It is associated with decrements in many other cognitive functions due to aging (West, 1996; Raz, 2000) with itself particularly vulnerable to the effect of aging (Treitz et al., 2007). Cognitive training in the form of ...