AIM To study the anti-inflammatory effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng (PnS). METHODS Rat air-pouch acute inflammatory model was established with s.c. carrageenan (Car, 25 mg.kg-1). The protein content in exudate was measured. Micro-acid titration assay and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were applied respectively to investigate effects of PnS on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and dinopro...

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IgE was isolated from a patient with the hyper IgE, recurrent infection syndrome by immunoadsorption on sepharose bound goat anti-human IgE. Addition of this IgE to a monolayer culture of human monocytes resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 secretion. The addition of F(ab')2 fraction of goat anti-human IgE in the presence of sub-stimulating doses of IgE markedly increased PGE2 secretio...

Exercise 1 Consider the rolling of two six-sided dice. Let E1 be the event that the dice land on the same number, and E2 the event that their sum is greater than six. 1. What is the size of E2 (i.e how many outcomes does it contain)? 2. What is E1 X E2? 3. What is the size of E1 Y E2? Solution: 1. Let (x, y) denote both the outcome x of the first die and the outcome y of the second. Then E2 = t...

Let R be a commutative ring and M and N be R-modules. (We always work with rings having a multiplicative identity and modules are assumed to be unital: 1 ·m = m for all m ∈M .) The direct sum M ⊕N is an addition operation on modules. We introduce here a product operation M ⊗RN , called the tensor product. We will start off by describing what a tensor product of modules is supposed to look like....

Mycosphaerella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici commonly known as Septoria), the causal agent of Septoria Leaf Blotch (STB), is considered one of the major threats to European wheat production. Previous studies have shown the importance of ubiquitination in plant defence against a multitude of pathogens. However the ubiquitination machinery in wheat is under studied, particularly E2 enzymes th...

w x Ž . In 1948, Paul Erdos E1 proved the irrationality of h 1 . Recently, ̋ 2 w x Peter Borwein used Pade approximation techniques B1 and some coḿ w x Ž . plex analysis methods B2 to prove the irrationality of both h 1 and q Ž . Ln 2 . Here we present a proof in the spirit of Apery’s magnificent proof ́ q Ž . w x of the irrationality of z 3 A , which was later delightfully accounted by w x Alf v...