Aphid is assumed one of the most severe pests attacking wheat causing harm to plants either directly by sucking juice or indirectly as a vector diseases.

Soil micro-food webs play an essential role in maintaining or improving the stability of agricultural soils, and they can be influenced by tillage. However, little is known with respect to soil microbial faunal communities their relationships shaped long-term tillage practices. The goal this study was investigate impact 38 years no-tillage (NT), subsoil (ST), moldboard plow (MP), rotary ridge (...