The study of soil–plant–machine interaction (SPMI) examines the system dynamics at interface soil, machine, and plant materials, primarily consisting soil–machine, soil–plant, plant–machine interactions. A thorough understanding mechanisms behaviors SPMI systems is paramount importance to optimal design operation high-performance agricultural machinery. discrete element method (DEM) a promising...

Comminution by gyratory crusher is the first stage in size reduction operation mineral processing. In copper industry, these machines are widely utilized, and their reliability has become a relevant aspect. To optimize design to improve availability of crushers, it necessary calculate power torque accurately. The discrete element method (DEM) been commonly used several mining applications power...