Decision making needs to take an uncertain environment into account. Over the last decades, robust optimization has emerged as a preeminent method produce solutions that are immunized against uncertainty. The main focus in discrete been on analysis and solution of one- or two-stage problems, where decision maker limited options reacting additional knowledge gained after parts have fixed. Due it...

Recently, operations research, especially linear integer-programming, is used in various grids to find optimal paths and, based on that, digital distance. The 4 and higher-dimensional body-centered-cubic the nD (n≥4) equivalent of 3D body-centered cubic grid, a well-known grid from solid state physics. These consist integer points such that parity all coordinates are same: either odd or even. A...