Anopheles mosquitoes were first recognised as the transmitters of human malaria in the late 19th Century and have been subject to a huge amount of research ever since. Yet there is still much that is unknown regarding the ecology, behaviour (collectively 'bionomics') and sometimes even the identity of many of the world's most prominent disease vectors, much less the within-species variation in ...

cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is the most common parasitic disease transmitted by vectors in iran. cl is endemic in many urban and rural parts of iran and usually caused by two species of leishmania as l . major and l . tropica transmitted to humans from parasite reservoirs by the bite of female sandflies. we report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid involvement presentation. the patient...

In recent years, the field of remote sensing of birds and insects in the atmosphere (the aerial fauna) has advanced considerably, and modern electro-optic methods now allow the assessment of the abundance and fluxes of pests and beneficials on a landscape scale. These techniques have the potential to significantly increase our understanding of, and ability to quantify and manage, the ecological...

The spatiotemporal dynamics of Lyapunov vectors (LVs) in spatially extended chaotic systems is studied by means of coupled-map lattices. We determine intrinsic length scales and spatiotemporal correlations of LVs corresponding to the leading unstable directions by translating the problem to the language of scale-invariant growing surfaces. We find that the so-called characteristic LVs exhibit s...

Abstract This work investigates the dissemination mechanism of pine wilt disease. The basic reproduction number is computed explicitly, and an ultimate invariable level contagious hosts vectors, without with disease, discussed by using this number. Highly effective techniques, Lyapunov functional graph theoretic, are utilised to obtain constant whole population. idea complete disease eradicatio...

Triatoma barberi, T. dimidiata, T. longipennis, T. pallidipennis and T. picturata, all key Chagas disease vectors in Mexico, were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) at 17 putative loci. The majority of insect specimens studied were collected from domestic and peridomestic structures from multiple geographic locations while others were collected from sylvatic areas. T. barberi ...

Blackflies are important macroinvertebrate groups from a public health as well as ecological point of view. Determining the biological and environmental factors favouring or inhibiting the existence of blackflies could facilitate biomonitoring of rivers as well as control of disease vectors. The combined use of different predictive modelling techniques is known to improve identification of pres...

Abstract Background and goals Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of disease, a major threat to grape production vineyard profitability. Several species Cicadellidae Membracidae, including three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), have been reported transmit GRBV in greenhouse, but their capacity act as vectors remains source...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatments involving surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate has remained at ~50% for the past 35 years. Therefore, the early detection of recurrent or persistent disease is extremely important. Replication-incompetent HIV-1-based lentiviral vecto...