Network theory has provided a general way to understand mutualistic plant-animal interactions at the community level. However, the mechanisms responsible for interaction patterns remain controversial. In this study we use a combination of statistical models and probability matrices to evaluate the relative importance of species morphological and nutritional (phenotypic) traits and species abund...

Cortical spreading depression (SD) is a spreading disruption in brain ionic homeostasis during which neurons experience complete and prolonged depolarizations. SD is generally believed to be the physiological substrate of migraine aura and is associated with many other brain pathologies. Here, we perform simulations with a model of SD treating brain tissue as a triphasic continuum of neurons, g...

A selective and simple method for separation and preconcentration of zinc ions was developed by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Parameters that have an effect on the microextraction efficiency such as volume of extraction and disperser solvent, extraction time, and adding salt were investigated. Under optimum conditions, a preconcentration factor of 250 was obtained. The limit o...

We report a mode-locked Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser with 5 GHz repetition rate. Spectral broadening of the 24 fs pulses in a microstructured fiber yields an octave-spanning spectrum and permits self-referencing and active stabilization of the emitted femtosecond laser frequency comb (FLFC). The individual modes of the 5 GHz FLFC are resolved with a high-resolution spectrometer based on a virt...

In this paper, we predict the outcome of dispersal evolution in metapopulations based on the following assumptions: (i) population dynamics within patches are density-regulated by realistic growth functions; (ii) demographic stochasticity resulting from finite population sizes within patches is accounted for; and (iii) the transition of individuals between patches is explicitly modelled by a di...

Recent advances in dual band infrared focal plane technology now enable the design and testing of a dual infrared band snapshot imaging spectrometer, the first-ever of its kind. A review of proof of concept results from a dual-visible-band Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) system is presented. The dual-visible system demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct two spatially c...

In dryland environments, where rain is scarce and unpredictable, ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems presents significant challenges. Several techniques based on the functioning have emerged, emphasizing interactions that promote natural succession. other use soil fauna has been recommended to help accelerate succession due its effects maintenance improvement physical–chemical biologi...

in this study, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (usaeme) combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (gc-fid) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of carbamazepine in biological samples. in this method, the fine droplets of 1-octanol were formed and dispersed in the sample with the help of ultrasonic waves, which accelera...

The dispersion state and the efficiency of mixture different components in a composite film have an important impact on its mechanical optical properties. In present work, impacts treatments disaggregation fibrous clay particles water, properties related cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based films, were evaluated. X-ray diffraction studies, performed samples sepiolite palygorskite, revealed only mino...

DLLME, which is a method that minimizes organic solvent consumption and waste generation, frequently used for trace analyte determination. In the present work, simple, selective sentsitive spectrophotometric based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was reported. The procedure formation of 1:1 complex between Fe3+ water-soluble Cu(II) phthalocyanine then extraction this into dichloromet...