To achieve the foremost effective performance of communication system dispersion should be stipendiary. For data transmission (light signal) in optical communication, optical fibers unit used. Throughout this paper the optical system is incontestable that's supposed in optisystem code to compensate dispersion and to transmit the signal to long length whereas not victimization Fiber general grat...

The burstiness of a traffic stream can have a profound effect on performance statistics in the queue to which the stream is offered, such as line length, waiting times and blocking probabilities. Mathematical descriptors quantifying burstiness should be versatile enough to characterize burstiness, yet analytically tractable to permit numerical calculation. This paper surveys two important descr...

Capillary electrophoresis of lambda double-stranded (ds) DNA (48.5 kbp) in dilute hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) solutions shows band spreading that cannot be explained by diffusion alone. Dispersion and asymmetry factors of lambda ds-DNA bands were measured as functions of capillary length, HEC concentration and field strength. Band spreading and asymmetry can be explained by a recently developed...

This work reports on a study of the spatially coarse-grained velocity dispersion in cosmological N-body simulations (OCDM and ΛCDM models) as a function of time (redshifts z = 0–4) and of the coarsening length (0.6–20 hMpc). The main result is the discovery of a polytropic relationship I1 ∝ ̺ between the velocity-dispersion kinetic energy density of the coarsening cells, I1, and their mass densi...

A detailed study of the dispersion law of surface excitations in liquid 4He at zero temperature is presented, with special emphasis to the short wave length region. The hybridization mechanism between surface and bulk modes is discussed on a general basis, investigating the scattering of slow rotons from the surface. An accurate density functional, accounting for backflow effects, is then used ...

A recently proposed method, based on dispersion theory, that allows the scattering length of a hadronic two-body system to be extracted from corresponding final-state interactions is generalized to the situation where the Coulomb interaction is present. The steps required in a concrete practical application are discussed in detail. In addition a thorough examination of the accuracy of the propo...

Low-frequency compressional waves were observed in a suspension of strongly coupled 9.4 mm spheres in an rf Kr plasma. Both parts of the complex wave number were measured to determine the dispersion relation, which agreed with a theoretical model of damped dust acoustic waves, ignoring strong coupling, but not with a strongly coupled dust-lattice wave model. The results yield experimental value...

We formulate a general theory, based on a Lyapunov–Schmidt expansion, for averaging thermal and solutal dispersion phenomena in multiphase reactors, with specific attention to the important Taylor mechanism due to transverse intraphase and interphase capacitance-weighted velocity gradients. We show that the classical Taylor dispersion phenomena are better described in terms of low dimensional m...

The preferences of experiences listerners for pitch and formant frequency dispersion in unison choir sounds were explored using synthesized stimuli. Two types of dispersion were investigated: (a) pitch scatter, which arises when voices in an ensemble exhibit small differences in mean fundamental frequency, and (b) spectral smear, defined as such dispersion of formants 3 to 5 as arises from diff...

In this paper we present significant progress on the fabrication of small-core lead-silicate holey fibers. The glass used in this work is SF57, a commercially available, highly nonlinear Schott glass. We report the fabrication of small core SF57 fibers with a loss as low as 2.6 dB/m at 1550 nm, and the fabrication of fibers with a nonlinear coefficient as high as 640 W-1km-1. We demonstrate the...