Pediatric TB provides unique opportunities to study TB disease epidemiology. Improved diagnostics are of key importance in order to address many of the challenges posed by TB in children. In the Western Cape Province in South Africa, the TB notification rate was more than 600 out of 100,000 for children aged 0-14 years in 2007; the maternal HIV prevalence was 15%, with a good vertical preventat...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Thus, it is necessary to understand the pathogenetic interactions between M.tb and HIV infection. In this study, we examined M.tb and/or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Chinese rhesus macaques. While there was little evidence that M.tb e...

GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection rifampicin resistance can reduce the time to initiation treatment. Aim. To evaluate sensitivity specificity compared with traditional methods detecting Mycobacterium (smear microscopy, culture on liquid solid media). Material methods. The results sputum tests (MBT) by bacteriological molecular genetic in 1355 patients dia...

BACKGROUND Identifying factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) deaths will inform efforts to prevent deaths. METHODS We examined deaths among patients with culture-confirmed TB reported to the California TB Registry during 1994-2008. We calculated the age-adjusted percentage of deaths before and during TB treatment and estimated trends. We constructed multivariable logistic regression model...

COVID-19 and its sequelae are primarily known to affect the respiratory system. However, it can have varied manifestations affecting other systems as well. lead reactivation of tuberculosis which unusual extrapulmonary presentations Coinfection is a risk factor for poor outcome. Here, we describe series two cases with tuberculosis. In first case, patient who had apparently recovered from presen...

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) also known as post infectious encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurological symptoms and disability. It may follow vaccination in children or infection. Viral infection like measles, rubella, influenza, Epstein bar, HIV, herpes, ...

As children acquire infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis from adults in their environment, the epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis (TB) follows that in adults. While global burden of childhood tuberculosis is unclear, in developing countries the annual risk of tuberculosis infection in children is 2- 5 per cent. Nearly 8-20 per cent of the deaths caused by tuberculosis occur in children...

Tuberculosis (TB) remaining as one of the deadliest communicable diseases. Congenital infection by vertical transmission is rare but high neonatal mortality (up to 60%) and morbidity warrant early and accurate diagnosis of newborns suffering from TB. Intrauterine infection of tuberculosis is most commonly caused by haematogenous spread from the mother causing placental seedling. The organisms r...

In Argentina, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreaks emerged among hospitalized patients with AIDS in the early 1990s and thereafter disseminated to the immunocompetent community. Epidemiological, bacteriological, and genotyping data allowed the identification of certain MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strains, such as the so-called strain M of the Haarlem lineage and strai...

BACKGROUND In Switzerland and other developed countries, the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases has been decreasing for decades, but HIV-infected patients and migrants remain risk groups. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of TB in HIV-negative and HIV-infected patients diagnosed in Switzerland, and between coinfected patients enrolled and not enrolled in the national Swiss HIV...