results the results revealed that metal urine concentration in welders was higher than controls but only the difference in chromium concentration was significant (p < 0.002). in the range of metals exposure, induction of oxidative stress for exposed group was observed by increase in urine mda (11.17 ± 4.23 and 4.83 ± 1.82 mm in welders and controls, respectively; p < 0.01). information of the m...

background: welding can produce dangerous fumes containing various metals especially carcinogenic ones. occupational exposure to welding fumes is associated with lung cancer. therefore, welders in gas transmission pipelines are known as a high-risk group. this study was designed to determinate the amounts of metals cr, ni, and cd in breathing zone and urine of welders and to assess the possibil...

The 3rd generation of aluminum–lithium (Al–Li) alloys provides a desirable combination high mechanical properties and low density compared to their traditional counterparts, exempt lithium. Therefore, providing reliable joint between new conventional aluminum is crucial for making hybrid structures. present study focuses on improving the dissimilar AA2198/AA2024 joints using different heat trea...

Commercially pure titanium Ti Grade 2, 2 mm in thickness, was welded to thick nickel alloy 201 with electron beam welding. Various welding parameters were used create the butt-welded joints. The innovation herein consists of two dissimilar metals that are declared non-weldable. current for 40–70 mA and speeds 20–50 mm/s. In this experiment, we tested offsets beam, which 100–300 μm side 200 side...