Ultrasonic phased arrays are a new technology that offers considerable potential for inspecting construction welds. Using electronic control of the beam, phased arrays can scan, sweep, steer and focus the ultrasound. Since welds typically produce defects of known character and orientation, phased arrays can be programmed to optimize weld inspections. These inspections include standard ASME-type...

The shear textures that develop in friction stir welds are reviewed and discussed. In all the materials examined, including face centred cubic (fcc), body centred cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) materials, friction stir welding produces a predominant shear texture with the close-packed directions aligned with the shear direction (SD) and the close-packed plane normal perpendicular ...

Resistance spot welding is the most preferred and widely used method for joining metal sheets in automotive and many other industrial assembly operations. The body of a car is typically joined by thousands of spot welds. One of the many geometrical factors affecting the final geometrical outcome of the metal part assemblies is the welding process considering welding sequence used when the parts...

One current methodology for spotweld modelling utilizes a tied contact to connect the weld elements to the components. In order for this contact to be robust and acceptably mesh independent, multiple solid elements are needed to represent a single weld. Several studies were conducted which concluded that a cluster of eight hex elements provides significantly improved performance over a single b...

Laser welding has been increasingly utilized to manufacture a variety of components thanks to its high quality and speed. For components with complex shapes, the welding position needs be continuously adjusted during laser welding, which makes it necessary to know the effects of the welding position on the quality of the laser welds. In this paper, the weld quality under two (flat and horizonta...