Although mechanical linkages between the proximal and distal limb are present in a range of species, their functional significance is unknown. We have investigated the mechanical function of the flexor cruris lateralis pars pelvica (FCLP), flexor cruris lateralis pars accessoria (FCLA) and gastrocnemius intermedia (GI), a system of linked muscles spanning proximal and distal limb segments in th...

In the leg and wing imaginal discs of Drosophila, the expression domains of the homeobox genes aristaless (al) and Distal-less (Dll) are defined by the secreted signaling molecules Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Here, the roles played by al and Dll in patterning the legs and wings have been investigated through loss of function studies. In the developing leg, al is expressed at the pr...

Anatomically precontoured locking plates are intended to facilitate the fixation of articular fractures and particularly those associated with osteoporosis. Fractures of the distal humerus are relatively uncommon injuries where operative intervention can be exceptionally challenging. The distal humeral trochlea provides a very narrow anatomical window through which to pass a fixed-angle locking...

  Background: Considering the importance of an early diagnosis and proper decision-making in regards to the treatment of pediatric distal radius and elbow fractures, this study examines emergency medicine specialists’ accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Methods: From 2012 and 2013, children less than 14 years old who were referred to an academic hospital emergency departm...

The aim of this note is to determine whether certain non-o-minimal expansions of o-minimal theories which are known to be NIP, are also distal. We observe that while tame pairs of o-minimal structures and the real field with a discrete multiplicative subgroup have distal theories, dense pairs of o-minimal structures and related examples do not.

We present the case of a young patient with a severely comminuted, malunited, intra-articular distal radius fracture and complete disruption of the sigmoid notch. We reconstructed the malunited distal radioulnar joint by osteotomy and repositioning the displaced sigmoid notch fragments through a combined dorsal and volar approach. At the same time, we carried out a radioscapholunate arthrodesis...

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common familial trait among patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Previously, we have demonstrated that hypercalciuria is primarily due to reduced renal proximal and distal tubule calcium reabsorption. Here, using measurements of the clearances of sodium, calcium, and endogenous lithium taken from the General Clinical Research Center, we test the hypothesis ...

Purpose: To describe an innovative animal model of eye transplantation used in rabbits. Methods: six Dutch-belted male rabbits were submitted to lateral orbitotomy the right eye, wide retrobulbar anatomy exposure, dissection structures, identification and distal section optic nerve followed by anastomosis either vicryl (group 1) or fibrin glue 2). Electroretinography recording was performed bef...

conclusions this study did not show that distal radius anatomical indices including the radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance and volar tilt influence perilunate fracture dislocation as risk factors. background distal radius radiographic indices may play a role as risk factors in pathogenesis of kienbock’s disease, scaphoid fracture and non:union:. perilunate fracture dislocations a...