Self-limiting 46.4-MHz series resonant reference oscillators employing a wine-glass mode disk micromechanical resonator to avoid hard limiting without the need for ALC have achieved measured phase noises of -113 and -134 dBc/Hz at 1kHz and far-fromcarrier offsets, respectively. When divided down to 10MHz frequency for fair comparison with other oscillators, these values correspond to -126 dBc/H...

Disposable bamboo chopsticks (DBCs) are rarely recycled, and there not many options for recycling them. Some treatment processes use high technology complex that convenient production at the local level, resulting in practical difficulties upcycling DBC waste. is lignocellulosic biomass; therefore, has potential to be recycled upcycled. The waste management of wood transforms it into a sustaina...

INTRODUCTION Impact noise is characterized by acoustic energy peaks that last less than a second, at intervals of more than 1s. OBJECTIVE To quantify the levels of impact noise to which police officers are exposed during activities at the shooting range and to evaluate the attenuation of the hearing protector. METHODS Measurements were performed in the shooting range of a military police de...

Betel quid (BQ) chewing, a common tradition in tropical areas, often poses a problem during collection and DNA analysis of buccal samples from many indigenous communities for population genetic studies and in forensic analysis of chewed BQ residues. This study evaluated the use of FTA card, a chemically treated filter paper, in collecting buccal samples from long-term BQ users and subsequent PC...

This document gives a tutorial introduction to the Java Modeling Language (JML), and explains how JML can be used as a powerful design by contract (DBC) tool for Java. JML is a formal behavioral interface specification language for Java that contains the essential notations used in DBC as a subset. The basic concepts of DBC are explained with a particular emphasis on how to use JML notations to...

An intrinsic-tuned, 68 GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) without an extra on-chip accumulation-mode metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-varactor is demonstrated in a standard, 0.13 m CMOS technology. This VCO exhibits phase noises of 98.4 dBc/Hz and 115.2 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 MHz offset, respectively, along with a tuning range of 4.5% even under a small power consumption of 4.32 mW. Besides, th...

Consumers in the United States make billions of transactions each year using cash, checks, debit cards, and credit cards. Bank and credit card accounts provide consumers with liquidity to clear and settle these transactions. In return, consumers pay a variety of fees, and both explicit and implicit interest charges. The importance of retail banking and credit markets to economic activity drives...

from historical banking and telecommunication applications to electronic passports, electronic IDs, anti-counterfeiting devices, smartgrid applications, and more. The security requirements for most of these applications are crucial and evolving. In addition, more and more sophisticated attacks are being developed every day. As a result, design of Smart Card ICs is a growing challenge. This pape...