Brucella is ┙-Proteobacteria causing an infectious disease in mammals that could be transmitted to humans. Ruminant and swine are prone to be infected by such microorganism all over the world, thus acting as a potential reservoir for domestic livestock and therefore, affecting humans. Brucella species differ in their hosts’ preference, physiological abilities and cell surface structural charact...

The objective was to study how surveillance for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) could be made more resource-effective in a bTB free country. A stochastic scenario tree model was developed to: (1) evaluate the sensitivity (CSe) of four surveillance system components (SSC) (i.e., meat inspection of slaughtered domestic cattle, farmed deer and pigs, and tuberculin testing of adult export cattle) given t...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. The virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of v...

Human activities have always led to the emission of greenhouse gases; atmospheric concentrations have been increasing during the last century; and present-day climate change is a result of past emissions. This paper presents historical emissions (1890–1998) by country due to CH4 enteric fermentation and N2O animal manure management from domestic livestock (excluding animals grazing). Two indica...

Ethiopia has the largest cattle population in Africa with an estimated population of 52.13 million [1] and contributes 40 % to the annual agricultural output, and 15% total gross domestic product. Cattle produce a total of 1.5 million tonnes of milk and 0.331 million tonnes of meat annually. Cows represent the biggest portion of cattle population of the country, around 42% of the total cattle h...

Agricultural runoff influenced by nonpoint pollution frequently exceeds the USEPA standards for bacterial contamination of primary contact water (200 fecal coliforms/100 mL). Few studies bave evaluated the effect of cattle (Bos taurus) grazing on fecal contamination of ground water in the karst topography of central Kentucky. Our objectives were to: (i) observe the extent and pattern of fecal b...

Both archaeological data and the presence of few mitochondrial DNA lineages suggest that most widespread domestic mammals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and dogs) derive from only a handful of domestication events. However, each of these species shows a high level of diversity at the nuclear genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Through simulations incorporating various degrees of p...

Methods of pregnancy diagnosis in the domestic animals can be classified into visual, clinical and laboratory methods. In most domestic animals clinical methods are currently used. Visual methods are far from perfect in domestic animals. In animals like cattle, buffaloes and mare’s recto genital palpation and trans-rectal ultrasonography continue to be the methods of choice for an accurate and ...

Knowledge about genetic diversity and population structure is useful for designing effective strategies to improve the production, management and conservation of farm animal genetic resources. Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity, population structure and admixture based on 244 animals sampled from 10 cattle populations in Asia and Africa and genotyped for ...