In the short commentary by Fang Cao and Yan-Lin Zhang, the authors suggest that tightening nonfossil emissions control may serve as a potential opportunity for fine particulate matter (PM with the particle size smaller than 2.5 μm or PM2.5) mitigation in China (1). Cao and Zhang state that “Guo et al.’s. . .important new finding fails to consider particles emitted by nonfossil sources (e.g., bi...

Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (CHI-g-PEI) copolymer has been used for theimprovement of low transfection efficiency of chitosan. The present study aims to test thepulmonary toxicity and efficiency of CHI-g-PEI as an aerosol gene carrier. Mice were exposedto aerosol containing green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-polyethylenimine (PEI) or GFP-CHIg-PEI complexes for 30 min during the development of ...

Abstract Unlike greenhouse gases (GHGs), anthropogenic aerosol (AA) concentrations have increased and then decreased over the past century or so, with timing of peak concentration varying in different regions. To date, it has been challenging to separate climate impact AAs from that due GHGs background internal variability. We use a pattern recognition method, taking advantage spatiotemporal co...

fifty-nine samples of washed and unwashed leaves of 4 species of plants in tehran and 24 similar samples of the suburb (as control) were analyzed for pb content. a significant difference was seen between pb contents of washed and unwashed urban samples, while no significant difference was observed between the control samples. the mean pb contents of the urban suburb samples were also significan...

Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of microturbulence simultaneously driven by electron temperature gradient modes, trapped electron modes, and ion temperature gradient modes are presented, covering both electron and ion spatiotemporal scales self-consistently. It is found that, for realistic ion heat (and particle) flux levels and in the presence of unstable electron temperature gradient modes,...

The generation of solar non-axisymmetric magnetic fields is studied based on a linear α −Ω dynamo model in a rotating spherical frame. The model consists of a solarlike differential rotation, a magnetic diffusivity varied with depth, and three types of α-effects with different locations, i.e. the tachocline, the whole convective zone and the sub-surface. Some comparisons of the critical α-value...

Aerosol particle number size distributions and hygroscopic properties were measured at a pasture site in the southwestern Amazon region (Rondonia). The measurements were performed 11 September–14 November 2002 as part of LBA-SMOCC (Large scale Biosphere atmosphere experiment in Amazonia – SMOke aerosols, Clouds, rainfall and Climate), and cover the later part of the dry season (with heavy bioma...