In the brain, dopamine exerts an important modulatory influence over behaviors such as emotion, cognition, and affect as well as mechanisms of reward and the control of locomotion. The dopamine transporter (DAT), which reuptakes the released neurotransmitter into presynaptic terminals, is a major determinant of the intensity and duration of the dopaminergic signal. Knockout mice lacking the dop...

The ability to microdissect individual cells from the nervous system has enormous potential, as it can allow for the study of gene expression in phenotypically identified cells. However, if the resultant gene expression profiles are to be accurately ascribed, it is necessary to determine the extent of contamination by nontarget cells in the microdissected sample. Here, we show that midbrain dop...

Introduction. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been described as a side effect of dopamine agonists, frequently used in neurodegenerative conditions affecting the nigrostriatal pathway. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., duloxetine) have dose-dependent differential affinity for monoaminergic transporters, inhibiting the dopamine transporter at higher doses, thus increasing...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the development of various forms of familial hemiplegic migraine have been identified [2]. A number of others studies have been conducted to better define genetic predisposition to dopamine metabolism disorders. The first study in this field was published in 1997, revealing the DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor) gene polymorphism, which was found to be sig...

The uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was studied in various mammalian cell lines transfected, respectively, with the cloned human and rat dopamine transporters, and compared with rat striatal synaptosome preparations. Only in neuronally derived cell lines such as NG108...

UNLABELLED (18)F-BCPP-EF was applied to assess mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) activity in the brains of Parkinson disease model monkeys prepared by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and also presynaptic dopamine parameters. METHODS (11)C-β-CFT for the dopamine transporter; (11)C-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine (β-(11)C-L-DOPA), L-6-(18)F-fluorodopa ((18)F-FDOPA), or 6-(11)C-m...

Dopamine is believed to contribute to the degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the brain. However, whether dopamine affects the survival of other neuronal populations has remained unclear. Here we document that mice with persistently elevated extracellular dopamine, resulting from inactivation of the dopamine transporter gene, sporadically develop severe symptoms of dyskinesia concomi...

Like the mammalian striatum, the songbird striatum receives dense dopaminergic input from the midbrain ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra pars compacta complex. The songbird striatum also contains a unique vocal nucleus, Area X, which has been implicated in song learning and social context-dependent song production. Area X shows increased neural firing and activity-dependent gene expressio...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the development of various forms of familial hemiplegic migraine have been identified [2]. A number of others studies have been conducted to better define genetic predisposition to dopamine metabolism disorders. The first study in this field was published in 1997, revealing the DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor) gene polymorphism, which was found to be sig...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the development of various forms of familial hemiplegic migraine have been identified [2]. A number of others studies have been conducted to better define genetic predisposition to dopamine metabolism disorders. The first study in this field was published in 1997, revealing the DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor) gene polymorphism, which was found to be sig...