Individuals differ profoundly when they decide whether to tell the truth or to be dishonest, particularly in situations where moral motives clash with economic motives, i.e., when truthfulness comes at a monetary cost. These differences should be expressed in the decision network, particularly in prefrontal cortex. However, the interactions between the core players of the decision network durin...

We assess the relationship of age-related losses in striatal D1 receptor densities to age-related reductions in functional connectivity between spatially distinct cortical regions in healthy human participants. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported age-related differences in functional connectivity of the frontoparietal working memory network and the default mode network during task perfo...

Theories of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) involvement in cognitive function variously emphasize its involvement in rule implementation, cognitive control, or working and/or spatial memory. These theories predict broad effects of DLPFC lesions on tests of visual learning and memory. We evaluated the effects of DLPFC lesions (including both banks of the principal sulcus) in rhesus monkey...

Introduction: Quantitative assessments of the effects induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are crucial to develop more efficient and personalized treatments. Objectives: To determine the spectral powers of different subbands of EEG correlated with treatment response to rTMS.   Materials and Methods: the spectral powers of different...

Normal functioning of the attentional orienting system is critical for effective behavior and is predicated on a balanced interaction between goal-directed (endogenous) processes and stimulus-driven (exogenous) processes. Although both systems have been subject to much investigation, little is known about the neural underpinnings of exogenous orienting. In the present study, we examined the ear...

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right prefrontal cortex was studied in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. METHOD Twenty-four patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive rTMS at low frequency (1 Hz) or high frequency (10 Hz) or sham rTMS in a double-blind design. Tre...

Previous studies showed reduced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area during inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate deep brain generators underlying alterations evoked potential components triggered by visual GO/NoGO tasks ADHD compared typically developing (TDC). Standardized weighted l...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although FOG reduces quality life, affects mobility and increases the risk falls, there are little to no effective treatments alleviate FOG. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has recently yielded attention as potential treatment reduce symptoms however, parameters protocols remain inconsistent require further rese...

Dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease is common. It has been reported that 30% of elderly patients who survive stroke develop delayed dementia (post-stroke dementia), with most cases being diagnosed as vascular dementia. The pathological substrates associated with post-stroke or vascular dementia are poorly understood, particularly those associated with executive dysfunction. Three s...

External circumstances and internal bodily states often change and require organisms to flexibly adapt valuation processes to select the optimal action in a given context. Here, we investigate the neurobiology of context-dependent valuation in 22 human subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects made binary choices between visual stimuli with three attributes (shape, color, a...