The analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) was implemented in the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) treatment planning system to replace the single pencil beam (SPB) algorithm for the calculation of dose distributions for photon beams. AAA was developed to improve the dose calculation accuracy, especially in heterogeneous media. The total dose deposition is calculated as the superposition of the...

conclusions it can be concluded that tempol can improve dyslipidemia and may decrease hyperglycemia in diabetes. it seems that antioxidants such as tempol can improve dyslipidemia and may decrease hyperglycemia in diabetes. results the blood glucose level increased following diabetes induction. the level of blood glucose in the diabetic receiving tempol group decreased compared to the control d...

Background: The aim of present study was to analyze the effectiveness of electron filters in the Telecobalt radiotherapy treatment by simulation technique.  Materials and Methods: The BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the electron filters of thickness of 0.5 gm/cm2 below the trimmer bar for 35 × 35 cm2 field size in Theratron Equinox-80 telecobalt unit. The electron filters were mad...

Abstract. Gel dosimeters are integrating dosimeters, that enable dose verification in three dimensions. Optical analysis of gel dosimeters has demonstrated to be an available technique for imaging the absorbed in-phantom dose exposed to radiotherapy beams. The goal is to demonstrate the ability of gel dosimeters to achieve accurately and spatial resolution in dose mapping, also when high dose r...

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) using high doses of synchrotron X-rays can destroy tumours in animal models whilst causing little damage to normal tissues. Determining the spatial distribution of radiation doses delivered during MRT at a microscopic scale is a major challenge. Film and semiconductor dosimetry as well as Monte Carlo methods struggle to provide accurate estimates of dose profil...

geant4 is an open source simulation toolkit based on c++, which its advantages progressively lead to applications in research domains especially modeling the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the sub-cellular scale. however, it was shown that geant4 does not give a reasonable result in the prediction of antiproton dose especially in bragg peak. one of the reasons could be lack of a re...

a Department of physics, faculty of science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University,Takestan, IRAN. b Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 1983963113, Tehran, IRAN. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Absorption dose distribution of onion powder in electron irradiation system has been numerically inve...

This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of meropenem in children with severe infections and to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles of various meropenem dosage regimens in these patients. Fourteen children with severe infections received intravenous (i.v.) bolus doses of meropenem (20 mg/kg/dose) every 8 h (q8h). Serum samples were obtained b...

The purpose of this study was to report the characteristics of an equivalent quality unflattened (eqUF) photon beam in clinical implementation and to provide a generalized method to describe unflattened (UF) photon beam profiles. An unflattened photon beam with a beam quality equivalent to the corresponding flat 6 MV photon beam (WF) was obtained by removing the flattening filter from a Siemens...

Abstract An optimally designed once-weekly basal insulin with reduced day-to-day pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) fluctuations compared to daily insulins should have a low peak-to-trough ratio at steady state. this flat profile could improve glycemic efficacy while reducing hypoglycemia. Basal Fc (BIF; LY3209590) is an IgG Fc-fusion protein developed for once weekly dosing. The results...