The no-flow underfill has been invented and practiced in the industry for a few years. However, due to the interfering of silica fillers with solder joint formation, most no-flow underfills are not filled with silica fillers and hence have a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which is undesirable for high reliability. In a novel invention, a double-layer no-flow underfill is implement...

The current theory of alternating-current electro-osmosis (ACEO) is unable to explain the experimentally observed flow reversal of planar ACEO pumps at high frequency (above the peak, typically 10-100 kHz), low salt concentration (1-1000 microM) , and moderate voltage (2-6 V), even taking into account Faradaic surface reactions, nonlinear double-layer capacitance, and bulk electrothermal flows....

This article presents a simple and novel approach to prepare monodispersed gas-in-oil-in-water (G/O/W) and gas-in-water-in-oil (G/W/O) double-emulsions in the same dual-coaxial microfluidic device. The effects of three phase flow rates on the sizes of microbubbles and droplets and the number of the encapsulated microbubbles were systematically studied. We successfully synthesized two different ...

A double pipette system for local, controlled drug infusion is presented. Two concentric pipettes can be manipulated separately and pressurized independently by a designated double holder. The inner pipette is loaded with the desirable solution (drug), and functions as a source, while the outer one is a sink. This gives a flow of the solution between the two pipettes that protrudes only a small...

Rock strata in a coal mining environment are essentially bedded in nature and hence exhibit specific load-deformation characteristics. Mining may induce shearing as well as separation along the bedding planes which may result in bending and subsequent fracturing of the rock layer. This on the other hand may substantially change the in situ fluid flow properties of the rock mass, such as permeab...

BACKGROUND Visual inspection for tongue analysis is a diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Owing to the variations in tongue features, such as color, texture, coating, and shape, it is difficult to precisely extract the tongue region in images. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate tongue diagnosis via automatic tongue segmentation. METHODS Experiments were conducted ...

Supercurrent flow is studied in a structure that in the Ginzburg-Landau regime can be described in terms of an effective double barrier potential. In the limit of strongly reflecting barriers, the passage of Cooper pairs through such a structure may be viewed as a realization of resonant tunneling with a rigid wave function. For interbarrier distances smaller than d0 = πξ(T ) no current-carryin...

Proteases are industrially important enzymes but often have to be improved for their catalytic efficiency and stabilities to suit applications. Flow cytometry screening technology based on in vitro compartmentalization in double emulsion had been developed and applied on directed evolution of paraoxonase and β-galactosidase. Further advancements of flow cytometry-based screening technologies wi...

The effect of an electrical double layer (EDL) on microchannel flow has been studied widely, and a constant bulk electric conductivity is often used in calculations of flow rate or pressure drop. In our experimental study of pressure-driven micropipette flows, the pipette diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the Debye length. The overlapping EDL resulted in a much higher electric condu...

This study examined quantitative regional myocardial perfusion (RMP) measured by the washout of 133Xe at rest and after an isoproterenol challenge in 50 patients (group I) studied 8 to 14 days after they underwent saphenous vein bypass grafting to the left coronary artery, and compared this with RMP measured in the native left coronary artery in 14 patients (group II) with significant coronary ...