In the present contribution optimization and simulation methods are investigated in order to attain optimal scaling of labial organ pipes. The goal is to determine the optimal dimensions of the pipe, by which a desired steady state sound spectrum can be achieved. By modifying the geometry of the pipe body, the eigenfrequencies of the acoustic resonator can be tuned in order to amplify or repres...

BACKGROUND The Federal excise tax was increased for tobacco products on April 1, 2009. While excise tax rates prior to the increase were the same for roll-your-own (RYO) and pipe tobacco, the tax on pipe tobacco was $21.95 per pound less than the tax on RYO tobacco after the increase. Subsequently, tobacco manufacturers began labeling loose tobacco as pipe tobacco and marketing these products t...

Many industries dealing with manufacturing and HVAC (heating, ventilation, air cooling) are rely heavily on thermodynamics principles respect to heat mass transfer. The objective of this study is do optimization yield optimum transfer rate minimized pressure drop regard number circular turbulator (CT) water debit Nusselt (Nu) in counter current double pipe exchanger. This work has applied the c...

A simplified semi-analytical model of vertical double U-pipe ground heat exchanger (VDUGHE) was established. The validity the established is examined by contrasting figured outcomes with experiment data, emulation results 3D numerical and calculation infinite line-source (ILSM) for different inlet boundary conditions configurations. After 1 hour, model?s relative error less than 0.32% under con...