Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important metabolic regulator expressed predominantly in the liver. In this study, we evaluated the role of LY2405319, an analogue of FGF21, in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and in a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD)-diet induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. During liver injury, HSCs trans-differentiate into activated myofibroblasts whic...

Although NAD(+)-dependent succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity was first described in Escherichia coli more than 25 years ago, the responsible gene has remained elusive so far. As an experimental proof of concept for a gap-filling algorithm for metabolic networks developed earlier, we demonstrate here that the E. coli gene yneI is responsible for this activity. Our biochemical results ...

Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 grew rapidly in AZO medium containing reduced nitrogen and succinate as an energy source, with a doubling time of 43 min. No growth was measured with glucose as the sole carbon source. In contrast, Azospirillum lipoferum Sp 59b could grow in media containing either succinate or glucose with a doubling time of 69 min and 223 min, respectively. Warburg-Barcroft respir...

The mechanism of the formation of propionate by the propionic acid bacteria has remained uncertain for many years but current evidence indicates its formation is by decarboxylation of succinate (review by van Niel, 1952). Johns (1951a) demonstrated that Micrococcus lactilyticus decarboxylates succinate very rapidly to propionate. Delwiche (1948) and Johns (1951b) have concluded that propionate ...

Regulation of succinate dehydrogenase was investigated using tightly coupled potato tuber mitochondria in a novel fashion by simultaneously measuring the oxygen uptake rate and the ubiquinone (Q) reduction level. We found that the activation level of the enzyme is unambiguously reflected by the kinetic dependence of the succinate oxidation rate upon the Q-redox poise. Kinetic results indicated ...

Nuclear magnetic relaxation methods were used to investigate the interaction of the inhibitor succinate with aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. Over the pH range 7 to 9, the dissociation constant for succinate remains less than the inhibitor concentration used for most of this work (0.05 M). As a result, the enzyme predominantly exists in a single “gross” conformational state. Su...

Transport of dicarboxylates plays an important role in cell metabolism. In particular, they are intermediates of the citrate cycle. Transport of succinate across the mitochondrial membrane provides correlation between metabolism in peroxysomes and in mitochondria. In recent years, much attention has been given to transport of dicarboxylates across plasma membranes of animal, plant and bacterial...

The G protein-coupled succinate and α-ketoglutarate receptors are closely related to the family of P2Y purinoreceptors. Although the α-ketoglutarate receptor is almost exclusively expressed in the kidney, its function is unknown. In contrast, the succinate receptor, SUCRN1, is expressed in a variety of tissues, including blood cells, adipose tissue, liver, retina, and the kidney. Recent evidenc...

It has been shown previously (1) that submitochondrial particles exposed to sonic oscillation at an alkaline pH and then treated with 1% silicotungstate were depleted of several coupling factors (F1,l Fz, Fs, and F5) as well as succinate dehydrogenase. Succinoxidase activity in these STA-particles was negligible but could be completely restored by addition of partially purified succinate dehydr...