0272-1716/04/$20.00 © 2004 IEEE Published by the IEEE Computer Society IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13 We now have access to vast digital data resources that include geospatial referencing.This referencing ranges from precise geographic coordinates, through street addresses, to codes for administrative or other types of regions (such as zip codes and drainage basin indices). GPS rece...

Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0272-1716/04/$20.00 © 2004 IEEE IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13 We now have access to vast digital data resources that include geospatial referencing.This referencing ranges from precise geographic coordinates, through street addresses, to codes for administrative or other types of regions (such as zip codes and drainage basin indices). GPS rece...

─Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi now occupy less than 5% of the subspecies' historical range within the upper Missouri River drainage in Montana. We assessed the risk of extinction for 144 known populations inhabiting streams within federally managed lands in the upper Missouri River basin using a Bayesian viability assessment procedure that estimates probability of persist...

For the problem of efficiently supplying material to a spatial region from a single source, we present a simple scaling argument based on branching network volume minimization that identifies limits to the scaling of sink density. We discuss implications for two fundamental and unresolved problems in organismal biology and geomorphology: how basal metabolism scales with body size for homeotherm...

The analog technique is applied to the analysis of flood runoff. A quasi-linear analog model has been developed for simulating the runoff-producing characteristics of a drainage system. Where storage is linear a unique relationship correlating the inflow and outflow peaks is derived. A technique for synthesizing flood-frequency distribution is also proposed, whereby the effects of a linearor a ...

relates stream length (L, mi) to drainage-basin area (A, mi). In CG-6 (“Solving Problems,” May 1999), Stokes' Law was used to find the travel time for a dead foraminifer to settle to the abyssal plain. This equation, which relates settling velocity (v) of a small, spherical particle to the densities of the settling particle and fluid (ρs and ρf, respectively), the viscosity of the fluid (μ), an...

0272-1716/04/$20.00 © 2004 IEEE Published by the IEEE Computer Society IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13 We now have access to vast digital data resources that include geospatial referencing.This referencing ranges from precise geographic coordinates, through street addresses, to codes for administrative or other types of regions (such as zip codes and drainage basin indices). GPS rece...

Introduction: The existence of probable lakes on Mars has been recognized for more than two decades [1-4]. Lakes can either be open-basins with both inlet valley(s) and an outlet valley [e.g., 5], or they can be closed-basins that lack an outlet [e.g., 6]. Although both open-and closed-basin lakes were likely present on early Mars, open-basin lakes are easier to study, and we can have higher co...

. introduction if environmental hazards, including those with atmospheric origin and terrestrial origin cause economic and human life losses for human societies, they would be considered as disasters. terrestrial hazards, which mostly occur as catastrophic, may have economic and human life damages when they occur in a small scale but with high intensity. mass movements are among the most import...

introduction active mending rivers are the most dynamic and sensitive parts of the fluvial landscapes. meandering rivers suffer a large geomorphic changes during the annual flood events. based on large flood evidences, reconstruction of the channel bed migration will be possible, which is use for evaluation of future evaluation and flood risk assessment in the flood plain areas. the morphologic...