The article deals with the phonological and semantic reconstruction of Nostratic etymon *'wet its genetic transformations that were restored on basis five language families.The process transposition generalized sign is established to have taken place in development sacred meanings structure. These connected initial ideas native speakers about water as a liquid (substance) movement: horizontal, ...

A man who lived a nomadic life later learned to live permanently in one place. He set up his abode the fertile areas of those places and established stable life. There were changes thinking settled area. Many literatures emerged through various exchanges ideas. Literary have taken place Tamil Malayalam, which are considered be twin children Dravidian languages. In that way, Sangha literature is...

The present study was carried out in the Indo-European speaking tribal population groups of Southern Gujarat, India to investigate and reconstruct their paternal population structure and population histories. The role of language, ethnicity and geography in determining the observed pattern of Y haplogroup clustering in the study populations was also examined. A set of 48 bi-allelic markers on t...

Understanding the genetic origins and demographic history of Indian populations is important both for questions concerning the early settlement of Eurasia and more recent events, including the appearance of Indo-Aryan languages and settled agriculture in the subcontinent. Although there is general agreement that Indian caste and tribal populations share a common late Pleistocene maternal ancest...

OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of risk alleles of polymorphisms of three schizophrenia risk genes that mediate monoamine signalling in the brain on regional brain volumes of schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. The risk alleles and the gene polymorphisms studied were: Val allele of catechol o-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 polymorphism; short allele of 5-hydroxy tryptamine transporter...

Paleoanthropological evidence indicates that modern humans reached South Asia in one of the first dispersals out of Africa, which were later followed by migrations from different parts of the world. The variation of 20 microsatellite and 38 binary polymorphisms on the non-recombining part of the uniparental, hapliod Y-chromosome was examined in 1434 male individual of 87 different populations o...

The human Y chromosome harbors genes that are responsible for testis development and also for initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in adulthood. The long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq) contains many ampliconic and palindromic sequences making it predisposed to self-recombination during spermatogenesis and hence susceptible to intra-chromosomal deletions. Such deletions lead to copy numbe...

BACKGROUND The inverse relationship between GLUT4 and RBP4 expression is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of RBP4 were shown to cause insulin resistance in muscles and liver. Identification of STRA6 as a cell surface receptor for RBP4 provides further link in this axis and hence we analyzed SNPs in these three genes for association with type 2 diabete...

Previous studies that pooled Indian populations from a wide variety of geographical locations, have obtained contradictory conclusions about the processes of the establishment of the Varna caste system and its genetic impact on the origins and demographic histories of Indian populations. To further investigate these questions we took advantage that both Y chromosome and caste designation are pa...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN THE genesis of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1 which came into existence on September 17, 1949. Here we will focus mainly on political developments and socio-economic conditions in Tamil Nadu 2 from the middle of the last century till 1949. Specifically, the period under consideration involves an investigation of the emergence and evolutio...