Since 2000, the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Drug Resistance Mutations Group has worked as an independent entity and forged a collaborative process to identify key HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. The goal of the group is to quickly deliver accurate and unbiased information to clinical practitioners on HIV-1 resistance. This April 2005 version of the IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutation...

The application of natural polysaccharides in novel drug delivery systems to deliver the bioactive agents has been hampered by the synthetic polymers. The main benefits of the natural polysaccharides are their being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, richly available and less expensive. Because of the advances in drug delivery technology, natural polysaccharides are included in novel drug...

Conventional cancer therapies are limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Conventional treatments come with significant adverse effects. Modern cancer treatments focus on precise drug delivery to the cancer tissues and minimize adverse effects on healthy cells. Researchers have been working on an improved technique for delivering chemotherapeutic agents precisely at the molecular level...

Polymer-drug conjugates are becoming established as a shining platform for drug delivery. Incorporation of pH-responsive linker between drug and polymer is expected to realize triggered release of bioactive agents from conjugates in specific sites, either in mildly acidic extracellular matrices of tumor tissues or, after cellular internalization, in acidic endosomes and lysosomes. As an emergin...

Lipids contain hydrocarbons and are the building blocks of cells. Lipids can naturally form themselves into nano-films and nano-structures, micelles, reverse micelles, and liposomes. Micelles or reverse micelles are monolayer structures, whereas liposomes are bilayer structures. Liposomes have been recognized as carriers for drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles and lipoplex (liposome-polyca...

As the most common cause of dementia among the elderly results in cognitive and ‎behavioral impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized with aggregation of senile ‎plaques (Beta-amyloid protein), cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Unfortunately, ‎conventional methods like acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor drugs, are not so effective owing to ‎restrictive...

Background and objective: Applying liposomal gels in transdermal drug delivery system has evoked considerable interest because of their good activity for osteoarthritis. The aim present study was to prepare characterize liposomes NSAIDS meloxicam, which may deliver these drugs the target site more efficiently also overcome problem related with oral drug. Methodology: In investigation efficiency...

The brain is a delicate organ, and evolution built very efficient ways to protect it. Unfortunately, the same mechanisms that protect it against intrusive chemicals can also frustrate therapeutic interventions. Many existing pharmaceuticals are rendered ineffective in the treatment of cerebral diseases due to our inability to effectively deliver and sustain them within the brain. General method...

Advances in materials science and bionanotechnology have allowed the refinements of current drug delivery systems, expected to facilitate the development of personalized medicine. While dermatological topical pharmaceutical formulations such as foams, creams, lotions, gels, etc., have been proposed for decades, these systems target mainly skin-based diseases. To treat systemic medical condition...